The use of psychological interventions for adult male sex offenders with a learning disability: a systematic review†

ABSTRACT

There is a drive to attend to the specific treatment needs of sexual offenders with a learning disability (LD) and increasing recognition of treatment limitations in this group. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based sex offender treatment programmes (SOTPs) are being increasingly adapted for the LD population. This review systematically considers the evidence base for LD adapted CBT-based SOTPs. Ten studies together comprising 358 participants were reviewed. LD adapted SOTPs were conducted in prisons, secure settings and in the community. Within-treatment findings generally indicated positive cognitive shift, improvements in victim empathy and increased sexual knowledge on psychometric measures. Whilst findings are encouraging, many of the studies have methodological limitations. In particular, all studies used pre-test post-test study designs lacking control groups therefore restricting the evaluation of treatment outcomes. The LD sex offender literature remains underdeveloped and there is a strong case for further research to establish a valid evidence base for treatment.     

骨折误诊漏诊的临床法医学研究(附56例分析)

目的　探讨骨折误诊漏诊的临床法医学特点 ,提高正确诊断 ,鉴定骨折的能力。　方法　收集 5 6例骨折误诊漏诊的案例 ,对骨折误诊漏诊的原因及特点进行回顾性研究。　结果　发现骨折误诊漏诊的主要原因是 :(1)对骨骼的正常解剖、变异不够熟悉 ;(2 )对骨的某些病理生理变化不认识 ;(3)拍片技术及检查方法不当 ;(4 )与诊断者业务素质有关 ;(5 )主观因素。　结论　熟悉骨折误诊漏诊的临床法医学特点 ,对于减少骨折鉴定中的误诊漏诊 ,提高骨折鉴定的准确性 ,具有重要的实际意义     

Development and validation of a next generation STR ESS-pentaplex

We constructed a simple STR pentaplex of new loci recommended as next generation markers for the European Standard Set (ESS) comprising normal-amplicon STRs: D12S391 and D1S1656, plus mini-amplicon STRs: D2S441, D10S1248 and D22S1045. Validation of the pentaplex included evaluation of its ability to amplify DNA from a variety of degraded forensic casework samples. Although the ESS-pentaplex was designed in the first instance to generate allele frequency data to supplement existing databases of established STRs, the multiplex proved to be a valuable tool for the analysis of challenging DNA when certain markers of Identifiler or MiniFiler occasionally failed.     

当事人及法官对瑕疵书证的运用——以民事诉讼为视角的分析

瑕疵书证是民事诉讼实践中经常遇到的特殊书证。瑕疵的存在使书证的证明力受到影响,成为当事人证明主张和法官查明事实的障碍,不研究其存在现象,就无法认识其一般规律。本文分析了当事人对瑕疵书证的运用,法官对瑕疵书证证明力的审查判断等问题。     

中国法院的量刑程序改革

由最高法院推进的量刑程序改革目前正在全国部分法院进行试点。试点方案遵循依法、合理性与可操作性兼顾、公正与效率兼顾等原则,根据不同类型案件的特点,尝试采用不同的方法将量刑纳入法庭审理程序,以保障量刑活动的相对独立性。当前,我国的量刑程序改革面临着一些现实的问题和困难,同时,法院自身的特点决定了由其推动的量刑程序改革也存在一定的局限性。     

Tax compliance behaviour during the crisis: the case of Greek SMEs

This paper presents the results of a novel survey of 550 small and micro enterprises in Greece regarding their tax compliance behaviour and drawing some useful policy implications for a country facing one of the largest tax gaps in the developed world. We explore the determinants of such behaviour, by integrating economic and psychological perspectives on tax compliance. Results suggest that respondents perceive a strong connection between the quality of political and of tax institutions, while trust seems to play the most significant role in increasing intended compliance and in deterring strategic tax evasion. We contrast the theoretical results with the actual reported compliance behaviour of entrepreneurs and analyse how this behaviour is influenced by factors like perceived nature of power of tax authorities (legitimate versus coercive), perceived fairness of the tax system, etc. The strategy currently followed, that is toughening the profile of tax authorities is a viable short-term response to increase enforced tax compliance. The present study, however, has provided evidence on the multifaceted nature of power and trust and their relation with tax compliance, and the link between power and trust in political regulatory strategies. Current policies seem to completely miss that link.     

浅议法院调解与证据的运用

法院调解在我国纠纷解决机制中处于非常重要的地位,但是,调解并不意味着抛弃事实和稀泥。只有注重证据在调解中的运用,建构相应的证据规则,才能真正实现调解的自由与自愿,才能充分发挥调解促进纷争的柔性解决以及实现社会稳定方面的独特功能。     

Bouvia v. Glenchur

Bouvia, a quadriplegic with cerebral palsy, earlier had failed to win Superior Court injunctions to restrain personnel at Riverside General Hospital from force feeding her if she attempted to starve herself to death while in their care [Bouvia v. County of Riverside, Trial court decision (in Bouvia I), No. 159780, 8 Feb 1984]. In this case, she sought a preliminary injunction restraining the staff of High Desert Hospital from continuing to feed her through a nasogastric tube, and from placing her on a special bed to control bed sores. In denying her request, the Superior Court ruled that, despite her claims to the contrary, Bouvia's refusal of nutrition and medical treatment was motivated by an intention to kill herself using public facilities, and not by a desire to exercise her right of privacy.     

颅脑损伤与人格障碍的关系研究

目的　为探讨颅脑损伤与人格改变的相互关系 ,特别是颅脑损伤的严重程度与人格改变的严重程度是否平行 ,为颅脑损伤的法医学鉴定提供科学依据。方法　对 1 97例颅脑损伤鉴定案例及住院病例进行分析 ,并对其中伴有人格改变的案例的颅脑损伤严重程度和人格改变的严重程度的相关性和其他影响因素进行分析。结果　 1 97例颅脑损伤中有 1 6 2例出现人格改变 ,占 82 3% ;其中在 1 1 3例中的重度颅脑损伤案例中 ,有 98例伴有人格改变 ,占 86 7% ;其中衰弱型人格改变与攻击型人格改变之比为 6 3:35 ;在 84例轻微颅脑损伤病例中 ,有 6 4例伴有人格改变 ,占 76 2 % ,衰弱型与攻击型之比为 4 0 :2 4 ;2 3例女性患者有 1 7例出现人格改变 ,衰弱型与攻击型之比为 1 3:4。结论　颅脑损伤的严重程度与人格改变的严重程度无相关性 ,轻微颅脑损伤所引起的严重攻击型人格改变是法医精神病学鉴定中的特殊课题