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This report describes the analytical characterization of 16 hashish samples confiscated in Italy. The samples were solvent extracted and subjected to GC-MS analysis for the separation and quantitation of the main cannabinoids. One of the analyzed samples was shown to contain extraneous compounds, identified as resin acids characteristic of colophony (rosin). Colophony is a natural resinous product obtained from various species of pine, spruce, and larch; it is a skin sensitizer and its fumes produce nonspecific irritation that can cause bronchial asthma. Similar adulterations of hashish have not been reported previously; therefore, at present there is no information about the effects of smoking colophony or a combination of hashish and colophony. It is presumed, however, that such a combination would be highly detrimental to the health of the user. 相似文献
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Philip Stenning Christopher Birkbeck Otto Adang David Baker Thomas Feltes Luis Gerardo Gabaldón Maki Haberfeld Eduardo Paes Machado P. A. J. Waddington 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2009,52(2):95-110
This article provides the background to an international project on use of force by the police that was carried out in seven
countries. Force is often considered to be the defining characteristic of policing and much research has been conducted on
the determinants, prevalence and control of the use of force, particularly in the United States. However, little work has
looked at police officers’ own views on the use of force, in particular the way in which they justify it. Using a hypothetical
encounter developed for this project, researchers in each country conducted focus groups with police officers in which they
were encouraged to talk about the use of force. The results show interesting similarities and differences across countries
and demonstrate the value of using this kind of research focus and methodology.
相似文献
Philip Stenning (Corresponding author)Email: |
Christopher BirkbeckEmail: |
Otto AdangEmail: |
David BakerEmail: |
Thomas FeltesEmail: |
Luis Gerardo GabaldónEmail: |
Maki HaberfeldEmail: |
Eduardo Paes MachadoEmail: |
P. A. J. WaddingtonEmail: |
23.
Gerardo Esquivel Felipe Larraín & Jeffrey D. Sachs 《Bulletin of Latin American research》2001,20(1):1-28
This paper reviews the foreign debt burden in Central America with special emphasis on Honduras and Nicaragua. These countries have a large debt overhang and they have lagged behind the rest of the region in terms of economic growth. Our work suggests that Honduras and Nicaragua require alleviation of their foreign debt as a prerequisite to achieve sustained economic growth. The paper also reviews the initiative aimed at reducing the debt burden of the highly indebted poor countries (the HIPC Initiative) and evaluates alternative scenarios of debt reduction for both Honduras and Nicaragua. It ends with a critical assessment of the implications of the fiscal and openness criteria established in the HIPC Initiative. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe literature assessing the effectiveness of bilateral foreign aid flows to sub-Saharan Africa primarily focus on one aspect of the aid delivery mechanism that is employed by donors, namely that of channeling aid to recipient central governments. These analyses do not take into account alternative donor delivery tactics of circumventing recipient governments with poor institutional quality – delivering aid to non-state (‘bypass’) actors instead. Thus, the objective of this paper is to extend the aid effectiveness literature by disaggregating bilateral aid flows into both government-to-government aid and bypass aid, and assessing their relative effect on economic growth. Utilising data compiled from multiple data sources including the OECD Credit Reporting Services and World Bank datasets, I find that whereas the effect of government-to-government aid on economic growth is conditional on institutional quality, bypass aid is unconditionally effective. 相似文献
26.
Nikolaos Georgantzís Gerardo Sabater-Grande 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2002,14(2):129-150
We review the decision by the European Commission in the case of the UK Agricultural Registration Exchange. We propose a theoretical model, offering a basis for some of the intuitive arguments used by the Commission on the anti-competitive role of information exchange in the case of price and non price collusion. Market transparency on non price data is shown to be a collusion facilitating device which may achieve stability in otherwise unstable cartels. 相似文献