以志愿服务提升大学生现代公民素养的路径研究

本文以华东师范大学为例,调查分析大学生当前的公民素养的现状和存在的问题,并从志愿服务与公民精神的契合性入手,分析以志愿服务为载体培养大学生公民素养的可能性和可行性。在此基础上,从志愿服务的实践教育、服务领域、激励机制以及服务内容几个方面,分别探讨如何培养大学生的公民意识、提升大学生的公民技能、增强大学生的公民参与以及拓宽大学生的公民视野,为志愿服务提升大学生的公民素养提供思路和建议。     

当代大学生就业价值观研究——以南方医科大学为例

根据调查结果,文章分析了当代大学生就业价值观的现实表现,即就业价值目标取向选择上存在困惑,爱国主义仍有体现,就业价值评价标准呈现出矛盾性,就业价值实现手段日趋多样化。提出通过强调社会教育、学校教育的引导作用,强化大学生自身专业技能培养,早做职业规划来构建科学的就业价值观。     

社团文化影响下的大学生合群行为塑造

调查分析显示：社团文化是促使学生能纵横向结群的纽带;学生能在社团中获得归属感和认同感;学生社团满足了学生交往、自我认识、自我完善的需要。文章提出：要顺应时代要求,重视合群行为的培养,规范社团内部建设,强化社团教育功能,立足社团文化,实施养成教育来塑造大学生的合群行为。     

The Roots of Global Inequality: The Role of Biogeography and Genetic Diversity

This paper adds further evidence supporting Jared Diamond’s hypothesis that global technological differences in the pre-modern era were fundamentally due to bio-geographic factors: the time elapsed since the onset of agriculture and husbandry, the size of the population relative to the territories, the shape of continents. An alternative hypothesis, that genetic diversity within populations is the ultimate cause of global inequalities, is also examined. Results show how there is no robust evidence supporting a possible effect of genetic diversity on international differences in population density and technology in the pre-modern era.     

听力减退及相关残疾标准比较研究

听力减退的客观评估是法医临床鉴定中的难点之一.2017年1月1日《人体损伤致残程度分级》实施,其听力减退伤残评定与既往标准存在一定差异.本文比较了《伤残分级》与国内外其他残疾标准中听力残疾相关内容,探讨《伤残分级》标准的优点及不足.同时回述了近年应用较多的客观听力检测方法,比较了客观听力检测方法与纯音测听阈值关联性.国内外听力减退评定均是基于WHO的听力障碍分级,但在双耳听力伤残值的计算及耳鸣、年龄对听力伤残值的影响上均存在一定差异.     

Democracy,Veto Player,and Institutionalization of Sovereign Wealth Funds

Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) have become important and controversial in global economy. We analyze why some SWFs have more encompassing and clearly specified governance rules than others. We argue that SWF institutionalization is structurally rooted in a country’s regime type and number of veto players in public policymaking. Democracy promotes SWF institutionalization by its need for strong rule of law, voters trying to constrain opportunistic behaviors of politicians, and the free flow of information. In contrast, the number of veto players has a curvilinear effect. When the number of veto players is very small, institutionalization is too rigid, constraining, and not preferred; when the number of veto players is moderate, it is optimal for veto players to manage their conflict over SWF governance in a more routine and institutionalized fashion; and when the number of veto players grows above a threshold, it becomes too costly to coordinate and produce mutually agreeable institutional rules. Our empirical analysis of 46 SWFs in 30 countries from 2007 to 2009 provides robust confirming evidence. SWF governance is more institutionalized and transparent in democracies and in countries with four veto players. Our research has important theoretical and policy implications for the ongoing debate over SWF.     

A singular case of murder-suicide committed with a homemade firearm

The authors illustrate a peculiar case of murder-suicide committed with a homemade firearm loaded with 12-gauge cartridges (buckshot). The structure and function of this handcrafted firearm were simple but effective: an iron tube did duty as a barrel in this primitive firearm. The cartridges (modified by winding sticky tape around the external surface of the base) were inserted down one end of the tube (serving as the breech). A second iron tube with a larger diameter (so as to be able to run over each of the preloaded barrels) and with a jutting, cone-shaped metal wedge soldered to the base, was used as a rudimental firing pin. After loading the "barrel" with the modified cartridge, the gunman would ram the "firing pin" tube violently down to fire the shot. Autopsy of the woman's body showed the presence of 3 gunshot wounds caused by buckshot, while the man had a single buckshot wound in the head. Subsequent ballistic investigations enabled reconstruction of the event (typical of murder-suicide) and the functioning of the firearm, demonstrating its lethal nature, remarkably easy handling, and simplicity of production.