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41.
One enduring question about terrorism is why individuals choose to join terrorist groups. Past studies have shown that terrorists are not always poor, and they can in fact come from more privileged groups in society. Risk sensitivity and prospect theory are approaches that can help explain some of the anomalies. They suggest that two types of group are likely to supply members for terrorist organizations in disproportionate numbers. One group consists of those who face a loss of status or position due to ongoing changes in society. A second group consists of those who have an opportunity to gain a major advance in status or position. Both groups are thus more likely or more willing to take risks such as joining dissident terrorists – either to maintain their position or to improve it. An analysis of the situation of Palestinian nationalists, nationalists in Northern Ireland and the Tamils in Sri Lanka provides support for the idea that sensitivity to risk can be an important factor in explaining the willingness of individuals to join terrorist groups. 相似文献
42.
Lutz Kaelber 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2003,17(2):307-327
Guenther Roth's study places Max Weber in an intricate network of ties among members of his lineage. This paper presents core findings of Roth's analysis of Weber's family relations, discusses the validity of Roth's core theses and some of the implications of his analysis for Weber as a person and scholar, and addresses how Roth's book may influence future approaches to Weber's sociology. 相似文献
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Kayser M Brauer S Willuweit S Schädlich H Batzer MA Zawacki J Prinz M Roewer L Stoneking M 《Journal of forensic sciences》2002,47(3):513-519
We describe here an online Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat haplotype reference database (YHRD) for U.S. populations, which represents 9-locus Y-STR haplotypes for 1705 African-Americans, European-Americans and Hispanics as of October 2001. This database is available online (http://www.ystr. org/usa/), free to access and was generated in order to supply the U.S. forensic DNA community with a valuable resource for frequencies of complete or incomplete 9-locus Y-STR haplotypes, as well as information about typing protocols and population genetic analyses. Pairwise R(ST)-statistics derived from the Y-STR haplotypes indicate no significant substructure among African-American populations from different regions of the U.S., nor (usually) among European-American and Hispanic populations. Thus, pooling of Y-STR haplotype data from regional populations within these three major groups is appropriate in order to obtain larger sample sizes. However, pooling of different major populations is generally not recommended due to statistically significant differences between African-American populations and all European-American/Hispanic populations, as well as between some European-American and Hispanic populations. 相似文献
46.
Is it possible to differentiate mtDNA by means of HVIII in samples that cannot be distinguished by sequencing the HVI and HVII regions? 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Lutz S Wittig H Weisser HJ Heizmann J Junge A Dimo-Simonin N Parson W Edelmann J Anslinger K Jung S Augustin C 《Forensic science international》2000,113(1-3):97-101
The mitochondrial control region includes three so-called hypervariable (HV) regions, in which the polymorphic positions show a particularly high frequency. According to a population study of 200 unrelated individuals from Germany, HVI (positions 16,024-16,365, according to Anderson) showed 88 variable positions in a total length of 342 bp (26%) and HVII (positions 73-340) displayed 65 mutable sites in 268 bp (24%). HVIII (positions 438-574) exhibited a slightly lower variability, with 25 polymorphic sites within 137 bp (18%), but contrasted clearly with the background, which showed variability rates of only 7% (positions 16,366-16,569, 1-72) and 3% (positions 341-437), respectively. At present, the displacement (D)-loop database in Magdeburg comprises 904 sequences of the mitochondrial HVI region and HVII region from Germans, Austrians and Swiss. By means of this material, the extent to which the mtDNA sequences that do not differ in the HVI and HVII regions can be differentiated by additionally sequencing HVIII was investigated. 相似文献
47.
Szibor R Edelmann J Hering S Plate I Wittig H Roewer L Wiegand P Calì F Romano V Michael M 《Forensic science international》2003,138(1-3):37-43
The incorporation of reference DNA is crucial to the validation of any DNA typing protocol. This paper aims to provide a panel of reference DNAs for actual forensic profiling strategies, i.e. autosomal and gonosomal STR typing as well as mtDNA sequencing. We have characterised three human lymphoid cell lines, GM9947, GM9948 and GM3657, and considered 58 autosomal and gonosomal microsatellites as well as the mitochondrial control region sequence. Well-established markers and STRs recently developed for forensic use were involved. K562 DNA samples which we purchased from two different suppliers were also analysed. They revealed conflicting results with regard to the ChrX STR marker genotype. Hence, we suggest that K562 is no longer used for the calibration of profiling techniques. Our investigation establishes a panel of one female and two male DNA samples as an STR allelic ladder calibration tool and offers information on six alleles of each autosome (AS) marker, three alleles of each X chromosome (ChrX) marker and two alleles of each ChrY marker. In addition, sequences of the mitochondrial control region of the three DNAs are communicated in order to provide sequencing quality control. 相似文献
48.
Helma Lutz 《Feminist Review(on-Line)》2002,70(1):89-104
This article deals with the question of new domestic servants. It sets out to describe a ‘new’ phenomenon manifesting itself all over Europe, that is the comeback of domestic workers and carers for children and the elderly in many households. It then proceeds to explain the establishment of an informal labour market in the private sector, which arises amid today's revolution of information technology.Research sources on the current situation are scarce compared to historical studies. This is particularly true for Germany and even more for the Netherlands. The present situation differs from its earlier appearance mainly in that domestic workers today are migrant women from Eastern Europe, from Asia or South America.The article aims to show how studying this phenomenon raises relevant questions both on an empirical and a theoretical level for gender studies as well as for migration studies. It pleads in favour of an intersectional analysis by taking into account class, gender and ethnic differences within the context of globalized labour markets and transnational migration movements. 相似文献
49.
The Declaration of Independence is an efficient, abstractedsummary of the eighteenth-century American mind. Viewed in thiscontext, the Declaration is not only an efficient summary ofAmerican political thought, but also a careful rhetorical balancingof contending views. The document could be read with approvalby students of Whig political thought, or the Enlightenment;rationalists, or the deeply religious; those jealous of statepower, or nationalists. Indeed, the manner in which state andnational perspectives are balanced make this the first nationaldocument to lay out federalism as a central aspect of Americanpolitical thought. The document also turns out to be part ofa political covenant of the kind long used in America, and originallyderived from covenant theology. Political covenants, calledcompacts in their secular form, would have had the Declarationserve as a preamble and bill of rights to a constitution. Asit turns out, the Declaration of Independence serves preciselysuch a role with respect to the United States Constitution,and is thus part of a national covenant/compact. 相似文献
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