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201.
Spanish legislation against trafficking in human beings: punitive excess and poor victims assistance
Francisco Javier De León 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2010,54(5):381-409
The article seeks to provide a perspective of human trafficking as one of the fastest growing criminal activities of the last
few years in the area of organised crime and one that affects human beings’ most basic rights. In the main, the response to
the problem has been its criminal prosecution, but without tackling the issues of need that underlie this conduct and which
the traffickers take advantage of to abuse, assail and exploit the people they traffic. In this context, the evolution of
Spanish legislation in terms of the criminalisation of this problem has made it one of the most repressive, although there
is no clear evidence of its effectiveness. This punishment, which covers a wide range of criminal conducts, has not however
been accompanied by any policies to support and integrate the victims of trafficking, which has led to a large number of victims
being subjected to slavery who, in the majority of cases, fall under the control of the trafficking networks again. 相似文献
202.
203.
Francisco Ramos Romeu 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2010,30(3):267-300
Preliminary measures adopted early in litigation are crucial for plaintiffs, given existing court delays and changing economic
environment, but can also harm a blameless defendant. Therefore, some form of regulation is needed to minimize the harms that
can result and discard non-optimal measures. Law and economic scholars have suggested that courts should control requests
for preliminary measures, but this form of regulation fails to explain existing legislations, both in civil law and common
law countries. This article argues that non-optimal preliminary measures can be more efficiently filtered through a strict
liability regime, and that their judicial control should be residual. 相似文献
204.
Miguel Manuel Melo Mnica Carvalho Virgínia Lopes Maria Joo Anjos Armando Serra Duarte Nuno Vieira Jorge Sequeiros Francisco Corte-Real 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2010,4(5):e153-e157
Angola is located in the African continent, in the area of southern Africa and has a population of approximately 14 million inhabitants. The Angola population has origin from Occidental and Southern Bantu people that came from the great lakes region, creating the most ever known African migration of our days.Allele frequencies for the 15 STRs loci in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, HUMTH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, HUMVWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, HUMFIBRA/FGA and including the segment of the X-Y homologous gene amelogenin) were studied for Angola population.The genotype frequency of the 15 STR loci showed no significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations and great values for the combined power of discrimination and combined power of a priori exclusion validate the application of these markers in forensic genetics. Comparative analyses between Angola population data and other relevant population database from Africa, Europe and American are presented. 相似文献
205.
Mikel Buesa Joost Heijs Thomas Baumert Javier González Gómez 《Terrorism and Political Violence》2013,25(4):489-509
This article attempts to measure the direct costs that the terrorist attacks of 3/11 had on the economy of the region of Madrid. The evaluation has been made applying conservative criteria, and the results obtained have to be considered as minimum. The result indicates that the terrorist attacks caused a loss of nearly 212 million euros to the regional economy of Madrid, equivalent to 0.16 percent of the regional GDP (0.03 of the national GDP). This confirms that the immediate economic dimension of a terrorist attack such as the one of 3/11—apart from human catastrophic consequences—is relatively low. 相似文献
206.
Alejandro Colás 《Cambridge Review of International Affairs》2012,25(1):39-52
This intervention argues that Bromley's account of American power underplays some of the structural weaknesses in the US-made liberal order. These weaknesses are not principally the result of relative economic decline, but chiefly the product of a political insistence among US ruling classes in getting their own way (that is, for the immediate American interests to prevail) regardless of their longer-term socio-economic or political consequences. It is the quest for American primacy, not the pursuit of a liberal international order that is the chief driver of US external relations. Likewise it is the more volatile dynamics of class antagonism and alliances both within and outside the USA—not the rational calculation of states as Bromley suggests—that tend to determine the success or failure of American primacy. I flesh out these claims by looking successively at the ideology of post-war American Empire, the contradictions of its actual implementation and the forms of socio-economic and political instability it generates. Bromley's sanguine view of the future of liberal order, it is argued, is only persuasive with a very narrow, inter-statist conception of world order and one which therefore underestimates the social origins of geopolitical disorder. 相似文献
207.
Evaluation of a Freezer Mill for Bone Pulverization prior to DNA Extraction: An Improved Workflow for STR Analysis 下载免费PDF全文
Emely Morales Colón M.S. Mireya Hernández M.S. Mariel Candelario M.S. María Meléndez B.S. Tracey Dawson Cruz Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(2):530-535
Traditional methods for bone pulverization typically generate heat, risking stability of DNA sample. SPEX? has developed cryogenic grinders which introduce liquid nitrogen to cool the sample and aid in the grinding process. In this study, the Freezer Mill 6970 EFM was used with two DNA extraction methods and routine downstream STR analysis procedures. DNA from as little as 0.1 g of bone powder was used to develop full STR profiles after freezer mill pulverization, and the method was reproducible. Further, no contamination was detected upon cleaning/reuse of the sample vials. There were no significant differences in DNA yield, STR alleles detected, or peak heights using the freezer mill as compared to traditional grinding, and successful DNA profiles were achieved from as low as 0.1 g of bone powder with this method. Overall, this work indicates that this cryogenic mill method may be used as a viable alternative to traditional tissue grinders. 相似文献
208.
Olalla Baz Esther Fernández-Molina 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2018,24(3):237-252
The empirical evidence on the process-based model of self-regulation shows that procedural justice evaluations and the perceived legitimacy of authorities impact law-abiding behavior. However, few studies analyze this theory from the perspective of adolescent legal socialization. The present study aims to examine the process-based model and other socializing agents such as family, school and peers that may have an effect on it. The sample comprised 2041 youths residing in Spain, aged between 13 and 18 years. The data form part of the Third International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-3). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to predict police legitimacy and juvenile delinquency. The results reveal that police legitimacy perceptions are not only influenced by procedural justice, but also by parental monitoring, school attachment, and delinquent peers. Moreover, perceptions of police legitimacy, parental monitoring, and delinquent peers predict juvenile delinquency. These findings complement and add new explanatory factors to the process-based model. 相似文献
209.
Luis V. Prandel Ph.D. Vander de F. Melo Ph.D. André M. Brinatti Ph.D. Sérgio da C. Saab Ph.D. Fábio A. S. Salvador Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(1):251-257
Soil vestiges might provide information about a crime scene. The Rietveld method with X‐ray diffraction data (RM‐XRD) is a nondestructive technique that makes it possible to characterize minerals present in the soils. Soil clays from the metropolitan region of Curitiba (Brazil) were submitted to DCB treatment and analyzed using XRD with CuKα radiation in the step‐scan mode (0.02° 2θ/5 s). The GSAS+EXPGUI software was used for RM refinement. The RM‐XRD results, together with the principal component analysis (PCA) (52.6% total variance), showed the kaolinite predominance in most analyzed samples and the highest quartz contents in “site 1.” Higher anatase, and gibbsite and muscovite contents influenced discrimination, mainly in “site 3” and “site 1,” respectively. These results were enough to discriminate clays of four sites and two horizons using a reduced amount of sample showing that the technique can be applied to the investigation into soil vestiges. 相似文献
210.
Václav Janeček 《Computer Law & Security Report》2018,34(5):1039-1052
This article analyses, defines, and refines the concepts of ownership and personal data to explore their compatibility in the context of EU law. It critically examines the traditional dividing line between personal and non-personal data and argues for a strict conceptual separation of personal data from personal information. The article also considers whether, and to what extent, the concept of ownership can be applied to personal data in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). This consideration is framed around two main approaches shaping all ownership theories: a bottom-up and top-down approach. Via these dual lenses, the article reviews existing debates relating to four elements supporting introduction of ownership of personal data, namely the elements of control, protection, valuation, and allocation of personal data. It then explores the explanatory advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches in relation to each of these elements as well as to ownership of personal data in IoT at large. Lastly, this article outlines a revised approach to ownership of personal data in IoT that may serve as a blueprint for future work in this area and inform regulatory and policy debates. 相似文献