Presidential hegemony and democratic backsliding in Latin America, 1925–2016

ABSTRACT

Does the executive's institutional hegemony represent a risk to the survival of democracy? By hegemony, we refer to the president's ability to control other institutions, particularly the legislature and judiciary. To answer this question, we develop two indices of presidential hegemony and analyze the duration of democratic regimes in 18 Latin American countries between 1925 and 2016. The results show that executive hegemony is a major driver of democratic instability. This finding is robust to non-linear effects and to potential endogeneity in the relationship between presidential power and democratic backsliding. Our findings challenge traditional concerns about executive-legislative deadlock, and have significant implications for the nascent literature on democratic backsliding, which highlights executive aggrandizement as a risk factor.     

“南北矛盾视角”应当“摒弃”吗?——聚焦“中-加2012BIT”

中国经济的迅猛发展不但提高了其在国际社会中的经济排名次序,而且加快了其对外投资的脚步,然而,随之而来的各种言论却将中国以及数十个其他发展中国家推向了不利的地位,诸如"中国已不再属于发展中国家的范畴"、"南北矛盾视角在构建国际经济规则和缔结BITs的谈判中已经过时,应当摒弃",等等。但这些说法的科学性、准确性及其背后隐藏的含义却着实有待推敲和商榷。本文拟从南北矛盾与BITs的本源出发,以新近缔结的"中-加2012 BIT"中的两大核心条款为例,试图证明在构建国际经济规则过程中和缔结BITs的谈判中,不能够、也不应当摒弃"南北矛盾视角"。     

SNaPshot技术检测Y-SNP位点O3-M122单倍群的应用

目的采用SNaPshot技术检测案例检材O3-M122位点6个亚群的分型,并调查其在云南3个民族无关男性人群中的频率分布。方法建立5-plex Y-SNPs复合扩增体系,采用SNaPshot Multiplex试剂盒,检测案例检材O3-M122单倍群下O3*-M122、O3a*-M324、O3a3*-P201、O3a3b*-M7、O3a3c*-M134、O3a3c1*-M117共6个Y-SNPs分型,并对上述6个Y-SNPs在云南佤族、白族、傣族共174名无关男性个体中的分布进行调查。结果 17份案例检材均得到良好的分型结果。上述3个民族分别在3个、5个、5个位点上发现多态性,其中佤族O3a3*-P201分布频率最高(0.430 0);白族O3a*-M324频率最高(0.212 3);傣族O3a3c1*-M117频率最高(0.158 2)。结论多重PCR反应及SNaPshot技术的联合应用适用于法医案件检材DNA检测,3个民族多态性数据可为相关应用所参考。     

刑事政策实践的“中国特色”解读

经过3D多年改革开放的实践。我国社会主义法治建设取得了举世瞩目的成就。为了应对新形势下犯罪所带来的新问题,以中国传统文化为基底,我国进行了一系列刑事政策的改革探索。刑事政策也围绕人权保护进行了一系列制度建设。在人权理念影响深远的今天,我国的刑事政策改革也在沿着遵循宪法、保护人权的道路行进。与此同时,在刑事法律领域,数部刑事法律的通过使我国结束了政策代替法律的局面,开启了政策法治化、法律化的进程。本文从分析了我国刑事政策实践过程中展现出来的“中国特色”．并针对其中存在的一些问题提出了相应的建议。     

企业消防队经常性思想政治工作研究

企业消防队的经常性的思想政治工作,要争取在党支部主导下形成合力,并把“四有”教育融入其中,此外还要注意实行“三个结合”,处理好“三个关系”。     

不动产相邻关系与地役权若干问题的思考

在我国目前正在制定的物权法中,不动产物权制度是其重要内容之一,而相邻关系与地役权则是不动产物权制度中不可或缺的内容。将具有法学史涵的“地役权”改称为“邻地利用权”的科学依据值得商榷。在立法中,应当关注对不动产相邻关系与地役权的立法体系设计。根据制度的价值判断和业已存在的制度设计,不动产相邻关系与地役权并存模式比较适合我国国情。而现行立法中不动产相邻关系的基本原则和类型划分需要我们进行重新的思考。     

The Vietnam Women's Movement for the Right to Live: a non-communist opposition movement to the American war in Vietnam

This article examines the political and diplomatic struggles in urban South Vietnam from the perspective of women in the Vietnamese Women’s Movement for the Right to Live (WRL) during the Vietnam War. This movement was a timely response to the American war of aggression, which had destroyed the fabric of South Vietnamese society and drastically diminished women’s position within it by 1970. Under the leadership of Mrs. Ngô Bá Thành, the WRL fought for peace and women’s liberation through political action and shrewd diplomacy. Unlike female guerrilla fighters, the WRL maintained political autonomy and neutrality throughout the conflict. As a result, it was violently repressed by the Saigon government and quickly disbanded after the communist victory in 1975. Nevertheless, studying these politically sophisticated women’s anti-war efforts is crucial to understanding the symbiotic yet destructive relationship between Third World women and American imperialism during the twentieth century. It also helps dismantle essentialist assumptions about Asian women as inherently submissive and politically naïve. The WRL is a sterling example of Vietnamese women’s ingenuity in their dual struggle for national liberation and gender equality.     

我国心理测试结论的证据属性与定位

目前各国关于心理测试(测谎)结论的法定资格的态度大体可以分为两类:一类是持基本肯定的态度;另一类是持完全否定的态度。在我国司法领域中,心理测试结论的最终的出具形式仍是"测试报告",并没有把它隶属于鉴定结论的范畴,它和鉴定结论之间有着本质的差异。但在借鉴国外证据的"有限采用规则"和"补强规则"的框架下,心理测试技术和测试结论仍在我国的司法实践中有着广泛的应用价值。     

新生代农民工犯罪问题研究综述

在新生代农民工得到国家和社会巨大关注的形势下,研究新生代农民工犯罪问题的现实需要日益凸显。研究者从犯罪学、社会学、文化学以及治安管理等视角对新生代农民工犯罪问题进行了探讨,但均未得出全面而深刻的结论。有鉴于此,对新生代农民工罪犯的群体界定、犯罪特点、析因和对策等研究的系统回顾,整合目前我国新生代农民工犯罪问题的研究进展,为深入研究和政府决策提供了理论依据。