政府转型:落实科学发展观的一个现实课题

“经济建设型政府”在推动经济快速发展的同时,也积累了一系列发展不和谐的问题,日渐陷入困境。在社会主义市场经济体制已初步确立的条件下,政府必须实现角色的转变,由“经济建设型政府”转向“公共服务型政府”,这是落实科学发展观的一个现实课题。     

论苏联的国际刑事司法协助制度及其对东欧国家的影响

<正> 第二次世界大战以来,国际刑法发展的重要趋向之一是国家间刑事司法协助的加强。其中,欧洲理事会成员国间和东欧诸国间的国际刑事司法协助又以共不同的格局而引起人们的格外关注。在东欧诸国间,尤以苏联模式影响最大。在苏联,没有专门的国内立法来调整刑事司法协助,进行国际刑事司法协助的法律依     

正确处理人民内部矛盾探讨

在新的历史时期,人民内部矛盾,无论是涉及范围、具体内容,还是复杂程度,都是过去任何时期所无法同日而语的。如何正确处理人民内部矛盾,既是改革开放本身的重要内容,又是改革开放和现代化建设得以顺利进行的重要保证。处理新时期人民内部矛盾,要大力发展社会生产力,运用各种调节手段,深化体制改革,加强精神文明建设等。     

从社区与社区警务的关系谈新的警务观念

社区指由一定数量的居民组成具有内在互动关系和文化维系力的地域性的社会共同体。社区警务是指以社区为范围,以警民联手协作为手段,通过立足社区,与社区建立合作伙伴关系,形成以社会为主体的预防与控制网络,有效维护治安秩序和社会稳定的警务关系。社区与社区警务的关系是经济市场化导致社会组织社区化的必然的政治关系。必须树立新的警务观念,即定位在积极预防思路上的社区警务依托于警察与公众的合作和配合,警察由此从“反犯罪战士”的单一角色转变为“战士”与“服务员”的双重角色。     

新疆部分规模化猪场繁殖障碍类疫病的调查与防制

从新疆 13个地区的 2 5个规模化猪场采集猪流产胎儿、死胎和血清等病料 330 0余份 ,进行血清学和病原学检测 ,查明猪瘟和伪狂犬病、猪生殖和呼吸综合征是造成规模化猪场猪繁殖障碍的主要疫病 ;并通过试验研究 ,提出了防制方案 ,在生产中推广应用取得了较好的效果     

技术社会学研究的兴起与现状

早期的技术史家以及科学社会学家从技术的外部宽泛地讨论技术与社会的关系，强调把技术作为一种社会现象，从社会的角度来解释人类的技术活动，其研究成果为技术社会学的形成奠定了必要的基础。20世纪80年代，在S偈研究出现“技术转向”的背景下，一批研究突破了技术与社会的边界，将“技术一社会”视为一个整体化型式，从技术的内部考察技术的社会特征，从而形成技术社会学的三种主要经验研究纲领。进入90年代以后，原有的研究纲领继续得到发展，同时，由于人类学家、化研究等介入技术的社会研究，技术社会学开始演变成一个多元化的跨学科研究领域。     

Developmental Times of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at Constant Temperatures and Applications in Forensic Entomology

The characteristic life stages of infesting blowflies (Calliphoridae) such as Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) are powerful evidence for estimating the death time of a corpse, but an established reference of developmental times for local blowfly species is required. We determined the developmental rates of C. megacephala from southwest China at seven constant temperatures (16–34°C). Isomegalen and isomorphen diagrams were constructed based on the larval length and time for each developmental event (first ecdysis, second ecdysis, wandering, pupariation, and eclosion), at each temperature. A thermal summation model was constructed by estimating the developmental threshold temperature D₀ and the thermal summation constant K. The thermal summation model indicated that, for complete development from egg hatching to eclosion, D₀ = 9.07 ± 0.54°C and K = 3991.07 ± 187.26 h °C. This reference can increase the accuracy of estimations of postmortem intervals in China by predicting the growth of C. megacephala.     

Nail analysis for the assessment of caffeine abuse in Northwest China: A population-based study

Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive agent worldwide and has the potential for abuse, but studies monitoring caffeine abuse in China are scarce. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of caffeine abuse in northwest China and investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Fingernail clippings were collected from 376 participants in northwest China to detect caffeine and 13 other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Paired hair and nail samples were collected from 39 participants to investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails. The samples were decontaminated, pulverized, and extracted by a high-throughput nail sample preparation method and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed a risk of caffeine abuse in northwest China, with concentrations ranging from 0.43 to 10.6 ng/mg for healthy volunteers, 0.49–246 ng/mg for caffeine abusers, and 0.25–363 ng/mg for drug addicts in community rehabilitation centers. Caffeine was detected together with other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, positive detection correlations were found between hair and nail samples. This study provides a current perspective on caffeine abuse in northwest China and demonstrates the practical use of UPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous detection of caffeine and 13 illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in hair and nails. The results highlight the potential of nails as a supplementary matrix when hair samples are unavailable and emphasize the need for handling caffeine carefully given its potential for abuse.     

浅议犯罪现场血迹形态的记录方法

暴力犯罪的案件现场通常会遗留有血迹。现场血迹的形状、物理性质、遗留位置、分布特点等都是血迹形态分析和犯罪现场重建所依据的重要信息。分析和重建工作并非都在现场完成,而是需要将现场搜集的资料带回实验室进行研究和分析。因此,对勘查人员来说,掌握如何利用现场勘查笔录、现场制图、现场照相、现场录像等方法来客观、完整、准确地记录犯罪现场的血迹形态便具有重要的意义。