Regulatory Risk Management of Psychoactive Substances

Congress and the Drug Enforcement Administration have assigned certain psychoactive substances to one of five schedules, based on assumed or demonstrated abuse potential. Although formidable difficulties exist in assessing the hazards of drug use, some of these assignments do not appear consistent with empirical estimates. This mismatch of assignment and abuse potential -possibly due to "radical" political ideology - obscures significant differences in drug effects, and therefore stifles meaningful public participation in evaluating the benefits, risks, and proper use (if any) of available psychoactive substances.     

论“持有”的属性

尽管持有型犯罪已经在我国刑法中基本站稳了脚跟 ,但是由于对“持有”属性的争论不休 ,使得这一类型的犯罪近来受到了人们越来越多的非议和怀疑。正所谓“名不正则言不顺” ,只有持有属性得到根本确立 ,才能真正化解这场纠纷。立足于此 ,本文首先确立了持有属于行为的观点 ,并进一步分析得出结论 :持有属于作为。     

正确认识小康社会的财富观

财富观具有历史性和动态性的特征。在当代中国需要形成理性、健康的小康社会的财富观。新一届中央领导集体明确提出“以人为本”的治国理念,并在宪法修订中加入了“保护公民的私有财产权和继承权”,进一步完善了小康社会的财富观,使小康社会的发展具有了更为坚实的政治和法律基础。     

试析俄罗斯联邦的司法改革

1991年10月24日,俄罗斯联邦最高苏维埃批准了叶利钦总统提出的《俄罗斯联邦司法改革构想》。从1991年10月至今,俄罗斯联邦进行了3个阶段的司法改革,制定了大批司法机关组织法,颁布了宪法司法、民事司法、刑事司法、行政司法和仲裁司法领域的大批法律。本文拟在简要介绍俄司法机关改革和司法法律制度改革的基础上,分析俄司法改革的特点,评价俄司法改革的得失,同时探讨俄司法改革对我国的启示。     

Scales for perceived risk of student-on-student victimization in grades 7 through 10: A psychometric analysis of the adolescent index on school safety

Although past research has developed scales for the incidence, prevalence, and fear of student-on-student victimization (SSV), little is known about the scaling of perceived risk (i.e., the cognitive appraisal of the chances of experiencing SSV). Hence, this study examined self-report survey data for the perceived risk of SSV as measured in the Adolescent Index for School Safety (AISS). Children in grades 7 through 10 (n=337) in a single Florida public school completed the AISS. Factor analyses using Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Oblimin Rotation identified nine unique factors for perceived risk. Reliability analyses found standardized Cronbach Alphas that ranged from .64 to .91, and seven out of the nine identified scales were above .80, which suggested good to excellent internal consistency. Future research should examine the content validity, construct validity, and predictive validity for the AISS and other self-report surveys of SSV dynamics. This publication was made possible by a grant [#97-MU-FX-KO12 (S-l)] from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (O.J.J.D.P.), United States Department of Justice (U.S.D.O.J.). This grant is administered through the Hamilton Fish National Institute on School and Community Violence at George Washington University. This specific study was developed and implemented by staff at: 1) East Carolina University’s Department of Criminal Justice; and 2) Florida State University’s Center for Educational Research and Policy Studies. All points of view and opinions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of East Carolina University, Florida State University, the Hamilton Fish National Institute on School and Community Violence, the O.J.J.D.P., or the U.S.D.OJ. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Bill Doerner and Jennifer Jolley for their support, editorial feedback, and insightful comments regarding earlier drafts of this paper.     

以人为本:科学发展观的核心

以人为本观点的提出反映了马克思主义的根本要求,发展了社会主义发展观和“代表中国最广大人民的根本利益”的思想。以人为本是贯穿于全面协调可持续发展的灵魂和主线。坚持以人为本要切实保障人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益,充分满足人民群众已经增长的物质精神需要。     

恢复性司法：一个概念性框架

恢复性司法是近一段时间来刑事法学界的一个热门话题,也是一个不成熟的话题。对这一主题的深入研究,需要界定恢复性司法的概念、目标,进而研究恢复性司法在西方国家运行的理论与社会背景,及其与现行的刑事司法体制之间的关系。     

Traffic accidents and drivers suspected for drug influence

All records from the Danish Medicolegal Council concerning drivers suspected for drug influences were examined for the 5 year period 1981-1985. 461 records were included, 62 women and 399 men. In 250 cases drugs from more than one of ten groups had been taken thus making 786 combinations of drug/driving. The major drug group was benzodiazepines, accounting for 65% of all drug intake. Opioids also contributed substantially, found in 38% of the cases. A traffic accident had occurred in 180 (39%) of the records. Drivers who had been taking antidepressives were involved in an accident in 67%, significantly above the mean. For benzodiazepines, the corresponding percentage was 43%, while for opioids it was only 23%, significantly below the mean. This striking difference has been demonstrated in most of the studies concerning drugs in traffic. It may support the hypothesis that opioids do not necessarily make driving dangerous, as do antidepressives, barbiturates and especially benzodiazepines.