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261.
David B. Estell Thomas W. Farmer Matthew J. Irvin Jana H. Thompson Bryan C. Hutchins Erin M. McDonough 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(4):477-487
The transition to high school has been identified as a potentially difficult time in adolescents’ lives. Reductions in both
academic and social functioning often accompany this transition. While these effects have been documented in urban youth,
the move to high school has not been extensively studied in rural minority youth. Toward that end, the academic grades and
substance use in ninth grade of 447 (184 male and 263 female) African-American adolescents from two rural counties in a state
in the deep South were examined in relation to configurations of adaptation from sixth through eighth grade. Results indicate
that individual with consistently positive patterns across middle school had higher grades and lower rates of substance use
compared to individuals with persistent difficulties or those that transitioned to problem behavior. Many individuals who
improved in their patterns of adaptation had relatively high grades, but also rather high rates of substance use in the ninth
grade.
David B. Estell is an assistant professor of educational psychology at Indiana University Bloomington. He received his PhD
in Developmental Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His major research interests include peer
relations and the development of aggression.
Thomas W. Farmer is an associate professor of education at Pennsylvania State University and director of the National Research
Center on Rural Education Support. He received his PhD in Special Education from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
His major research interests include peer relations and the development of aggression in students with and without special
needs.
Matthew J. Irvin is a research scientist at the Center for Developmental Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill. He received his PhD in Educational Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His major research
interests include resilience and student engagement.
Jana H. Thompson is a research associate at the Center for Developmental Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill. Her research interests include peer social relations and developmental transitions into early adolescence.
Bryan C. Hutchins is a research assistant at the Center for Developmental Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill. He is also a graduate student in the Educational Psychology, Measurement, and Evaluation Program at UNC. His research
interests include child and adolescent social development and school based emotional and behavioral interventions and prevention
programs.
Erin M. McDonough is currently a doctoral candidate in School Psychology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
She received her Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Emory University. As a research assistant at the Center for Developmental
Science, she has been able to explore her interests in student achievement as well as rural education. Another major research
interest of hers is school-based mental health. 相似文献
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265.
Chris W. Bonneau Thomas H. Hammond Forrest Maltzman Paul J. Wahlbeck 《American journal of political science》2007,51(4):890-905
Some scholars argue that the author of the majority opinion exercises the most influence over the Court's opinion-writing process and so can determine what becomes Court policy, at least within the limits of what some Court majority finds acceptable. Other students of the Court have suggested that the Court's median justice effectively dictates the content of the majority opinion: whatever policy the median justice most wants, she can get. We test these competing models with data on Supreme Court decision making during the Burger Court (1969–86). While we find substantial evidence for both models, the agenda control model gains greater support. This suggests that opinions on the Court on each case are driven, in general, by the interaction of three key variables: the policy preferences of the majority opinion author, the policy preferences of the median justice, and the location of the legal status quo . 相似文献
266.
Public agencies use surveys to solicit feedback from citizens and targeted customer groups, but many experts question whether the results of these surveys are valuable. This paper explores how a recent innovation in citizen surveys—asking public administrators to predict how citizens will respond to survey questions—may be used to increase that value and, at the same time, provide additional data of interest on its own account. The innovation is explored through two surveys: (1) a public opinion poll of Georgia residents conducted by the authors for the Georgia Department of Transportation in January 2004, and (2) a brief survey of that agency's administrators asking for their predictions of public opinion. The prediction process appeared to increase the agency's interest in the resident survey. The findings document the frequent superiority of groups—what Surowiecki terms "the wisdom of crowds"—over individuals in predicting public opinion. 相似文献
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268.
Ingrid Gould Ellen Amy Ellen Schwartz Ioan Voicu Michael H. Schill 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2007,26(2):257-280
Few communities welcome federally subsidized rental housing, with one of the most commonly voiced fears being reductions in property values. Yet there is little empirical evidence that subsidized housing depresses neighborhood property values. This paper estimates and compares the neighborhood impacts of a broad range of federally subsidized rental housing programs, using rich data for New York City and a difference‐in‐difference specification of a hedonic regression model. We find that federally subsidized developments have not typically led to reductions in property values and have, in fact, led to increases in some cases. Impacts are highly sensitive to scale, though patterns vary across programs. © 2007 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management 相似文献
269.
Dominic Höglinger 《Swiss Political Science Review》2008,14(2):207-243
Dieser Aufsatz untersucht den Einfluss politisch‐institutioneller Kontextfaktoren auf die Artikulationschancen politischer Akteure in der Öffentlichkeit. Als empirische Grundlage dient eine Inhaltsanalyse der Schwangerschaftsabbruchdebatte in der Schweiz im Vergleich mit Deutschland und den USA über einen Zeitraum von drei Jahrzehnten. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass institutionell bedingte Machtdifferentiale ‐ vermittelt über mediale Selektionslogiken ‐ in hohem Masse die öffentliche Präsenz der Akteure, ihr mediales Standing, bestimmen. Dies benachteiligt insbesondere zivilgesellschaftliche Herausforderer, wie etwa soziale Bewegungen. Direktdemokratische Verfahren, so wird weiter argumentiert, wirken in der Schweiz diesem Effekt jedoch entgegen, indem sie den Aussenseitern Möglichkeiten zur Profilierung und Etablierung bieten. Davon profitieren ebenfalls die Parteien, welchen in der Schweiz ansonsten eine schwache institutionelle Stellung attestiert wird. Mit seinen Ergebnissen stützt der Aufsatz schliesslich die Forderung nach einer Kontextualisierung politischer Kommunikationsforschung im Sinne eines “institutional turn” und zeigt das Potenzial einer komparativen Vorgehensweise auf. 相似文献
270.
Abstract. Values and ideologies seem to be changing rapidly in many countries of Western Europe. These developments imply a shift among the adherents of political parties. On the one hand, we expect to see a process of deideologization weakening the traditional ties between parties and their adherents. On the other hand, increasing pluralization is suggested by the ongoing process of individualization. In this study we analyze the orientations of the adherents of the main political parties in 12 Western European countries in the last two decades. We expect to find clear traces of ongoing deideologization as well as pluralization, but this expectation proves to be inaccurate. Neither deideologization nor pluralization can be accepted as a common feature of party adherents in advanced industrial societies. On the contrary. Each of these processes seems to follow a different path of development in distinct countries and in distinct party families. A general 'decline-of-the-party' or an 'end-of-ideology' is not to be found among the adherents of the main parties in Western Europe in the last decades. The processes appear to be more complicated, with divergent developments in different countries. 相似文献