Human immunodeficiency virus infection in cases presenting to the Philadelphia Medical Examiner's Office.

Serum samples were available from 492 of 1,058 cadavers seen at the Philadelphia Medical Examiner's Office between August 4 and December 15, 1989. These sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. The overall prevalence of HIV in the autopsy population was 2.24%. The following populations showed increased prevalence as compared to the total sampled population: blacks (3.60%, p less than 0.01), males (2.51%, n.s.), and homicide victims (3.74%, n.s.). Seroprevalence data from this study are compared with those from earlier studies of other related populations, with regard to overall prevalence and risk factor analysis.     

Empire and the business of health insurance.

I examine the development of privately provided insurance since World War II, giving special attention to Empire Blue Cross, and argue that the competition between employers and unions for the loyalty of workers after the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act helped diffuse private health insurance benefits already favored by federal policies. For-profit insurers did not challenge the privileged status of Blue Cross plans because they recognized the political benefits that the plans offered and because they did not wish to offend the plans' sponsors. A relatively easy and profitable business, health insurance has been greatly disturbed by the system inflation accompanying the introduction of Medicare and Medicaid programs. Now self-insurance and various managed-care schemes are major threats. The future may bring consolidation and the strengthening of pools, just the opposite of today's system fragmentation.     

Kein bergrechtlich und verfassungsrechtlich wehrfähiges Recht des Oberflächeneigentümers auf frühzeitige Beurteilung seiner individuellen Belange. Bergbaubedingter Hochwasserschutz kann entgegen Konzentrationswirkung des bergrechtlichen Planfeststellungsbeschlusses Wasserbehörden überlassen werden. „Walsumer Verständigung“

Keine Zusammenfassung     

Planfeststellungsverfahren Emssperrwerk, zu einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung eines FFH-Gebietes, potenzielles FFH-Gebiet; Kohärenzausgleich, Umfang der Rügebefugnis eines anerkannten Naturschutzverbandes, V-RL, Wechsel des Schutzregimes, Vorkehrungen zur Vermeidung von Beeinträchtigungen

Keine Zusammenfassung     

Involuntary outpatient treatment as “desintitutionalized coercion”: The net-widening concerns

In American jurisprudence, two justifications have traditionally been put forth to support the government's social control of persons with mental illness: police power and parens patriae. As public mental hospitals became less available as loci in which to exercise these functions, governments sought alternative means to achieve the same ends. One prominent but quite controversial means is involuntary outpatient treatment (IOT). While the concerns about IOT have been myriad, one often alluded to but never documented is that of “net-widening.” That is, once IOT became available, it would be applied to an ever greater number of individuals, progressively expanding the margins of the designated population to whom it is applied, despite the formal standard for its application remaining constant. We tested the net-widening belief in a naturalistic experiment in Massachusetts. We found that net-widening did not occur, despite an environment strongly conducive to that expansion. At this time, whatever the arguments against IOT might be, net-widening should not be one of them.     

Abfallbeseitigung oder Energetische Verwertung in einem Müllheizkraftwerk

Keine Zusammenfassung     

Zur Unzuverlässigkeit eines Vereins im Tierschutzrecht. Zu den Voraussetzungen eines Tierhaltungsverbots

Keine Zusammenfassung