Patterns of offending in urban and rural areas

Although the level of crime varies dramatically across the urban-rural dimension, little research has been directed at the issue of the patterns of offending across this dimension. Using National Crime Survey (NCS) victimization data, this paper examines to what extent the patterns of offending by particular age, race, and sex subgroups are similar in urban and rural areas. It was found that the patterns of age, race, and sex offending are essentially the same in both urban and rural areas. Particularly impressive is the consistency in the rankings (from high to low) of the propensity of offending in urban and rural areas when age, race, and sex were examined simultaneously. Also, these NCS data generally parallel Uniform Crime Reports arrest data with respect to the offender characteristics of age, race, and sex. This suggests that existing criminological theories can be applied to rural, as well as urban, crime patterns regarding the issue of offender characteristics.     

A MUNICIPAL LAND POOLING PROJECT IN PERTH

Planning control of urban land use in most of the Australian States is by the planning scheme system and is authorized by legislation based on the English Town and Country Planning Act, 1932. Under this system each planning authority prepares a land use zoning and reservation plan designed to accommodate the forecast urban growth. It then reviews and regulates the proposals for urban development projects as they are brought forward to ensure that they conform to the plan.