德法并举标本兼治——不断提高执政党拒腐防变与抵御风险的能力

近年来,党风廉政建设出现了一个令人焦虑的现象一方面,党中央对反腐倡廉工作愈发重视;另一方面,党内腐败总是有禁不止,有些地方甚至出现"高发"态势.对此,必须搞清原因,明确对策.本文以江泽民同志"治国必先治党,治党必须从严"思想为指导,联系党风廉政建设的实际,认为道德失衡,信念破灭;腐败成本太低,利润诱惑太大;监督不力,查处不严,是产生腐败的本因、诱因和条件.要从根本上提高拒腐防变抵御风险的能力,必须德法并举,标本兼治,综合治理.     

"两个人权公约"与我国人权宪政体制的整合

加入"两个人权公约"使我国面临着人权宪政体制与"两个人权公约"的整合问题.在人权宪政理念上,需要对关于人权的传统主流观念重新审视;在人权宪政规范上,以加入"两个人权公约"为契机,修正我国宪法公民基本权利的某些条款,重构我国的人权宪政体制;在人权宪政的运作上,对两个人权公约采取保留、克减措施,发挥我国宪法解释机制的功能,同时,以宪法的司法化为前提,以"两个人权公约"作为我国司法审判的直接依据并建立宪法判例制度.可以预见,21世纪经济全球化趋势必将促进我国宪政人权制度国际化的进一步发展.     

宽严相济的刑事政第与刑法的完善

刑事政策是对一国对刑事立法和司法提出的总的指导原则。建国以来我国实行过“惩办与宽大相结合”的刑事政策和“严打”的刑事政策,目前“宽严相济”是我国刑事政策的基本内容。从“宽严相济”的刑事政策的内涵出发,有效的贯彻这一政策,对刑事犯罪当严则严,该宽则宽,宽严相济,我国首先应对刑法的一些方面进行完善。     

Who supports democracy? Evidence from a survey of Chinese students and scholars in the United States

Does the experience of living in the United States lead Chinese people to believe that China should pursue democracy? Our study produced mixed results, as we found that overseas study resulted in significant attitude changes by various means. Education in social sciences and consumption of foreign media were both associated with supportive attitudes toward democracy, and also led respondents to believe that Western liberal democracy is a good thing and to push for it. Conversely, living overseas had a negative effect on respondents’ support for Chinese democratization, as the longer they had lived in the United States, the better they understood Western democracy and were suspicious about whether China should pursue immediate democratization. Meanwhile, we also find Chinese media has a negative impact on public support for democracy, both instrumental and intrinsic. Finally, factors associated with attitudes toward democracy, such as traditional values, self-expression values, and perceived performance of the Chinese government, were also significant.     

Distribution of methamphetamine and amphetamine in drug abusers’ head hair

In order to aid the interpretation of hair results from methamphetamine (MA) abusers the MA and amphetamine (AP) concentrations in 2070 hair samples were statistically evaluated. The MA and AP concentrations in hair were put into three groups arbitrarily representing low, medium and high ranges and the metabolite-to-parent drug ratios of each group were examined. The concentration ranges proposed here were also applied to the interpretation of five authentic cases. The low, medium and high ranges of MA were 0.5–4.2, 4.2–24.5 and 24.5–608.9 ng/mg and those of AP were 0.1–0.4, 0.4–1.7 and 1.7–41.4 ng/mg. The AP-to-MA ratios showed large variation but a tendency that it decreased as the MA ranges increased. This evaluation was very useful to presume the severity of individuals’ MA abuse and to provide law enforcement agencies more understandable information. It could also facilitate the court's decision regarding specific circumstances surrounding the drug-related crimes.     

密歇根州立大学的教育环境和管理方法

提高大学教育管理水平,营造高质量的教育教学环境,提高大学教育质量,是高校改革中一个重要的目标。应该说在这些方面美国大学由于发展的历史比较长,受新科技革命的影响比较广泛,所以有此较好的教学管理经验。国外大学如何激发学生的学习热情,树立良好的学风,如何对教师的教学和科研进行管理,如何运用现代化手段有效管理,会给我们一些有益的启示     

论证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重

证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重的平衡是当前民事诉讼中迫切需要解决的问题。本文阐释了民事诉讼中强化当事人证据收集力的趋势,程序结构视野中的两种证明责任观,分析了证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重的错位现象,并提出导入证据开示制度,提升当事人证据收集力,平衡当事人证据收集力强弱与证明责任轻重的观点。     

船舶碰撞责任的承担主体——中美海商法的比较研究

1910年《统一船舶碰撞若干法律规定的国际公约》关于＂过失船舶承担船舶碰撞责任＂的规定在世界绝大多数航运国家都得到了贯彻,中国也不例外。但中国并不承认＂对物诉讼＂,因此在中国法律体系下,＂船舶＂本身显然不能成为责任主体。如何具体确定船舶碰撞的责任主体,《中华人民共和国海商法》并没有给出答案,因此这个问题有赖于司法解释的澄清。2008年4月颁布的《最高人民法院关于审理船舶碰撞纠纷案件若干问题的规定》,第一次对船舶碰撞的责任主体作出明确规定。但该规定关于碰撞责任主体的规定并没有从根本上解决问题,理论界和实务界对该司法解释关于碰撞责任主体的规定的讨论一直没有停止。针对上述碰撞规定中的相应条文,就以＂光租登记＂作为光船承租人承担碰撞责任与否的判定标尺是否可取、船舶碰撞的责任主体是否应限定为船舶所有人和光船承租人这两个问题进行讨论,并从比较法的角度对中美海商法的船舶碰撞责任主体制度进行比较研究,分析中国关于船舶碰撞责任主体规定的不足,指出美国海商法下的多重可诉主体、直诉保险人制度等值得借鉴。     

我国经济犯罪侦查的难点与对策

经济犯罪是当今社会的重大社会问题之一,由于犯罪主体的广泛性和专业性、犯罪行为的隐蔽性和复杂性等特点,使得案件性质界定困难,立案案件难查,疑犯难抓、财产难追。针对这些难点,应当从经侦的起点出发,科学界定案件性质,加强经侦特情和情报工作建设,挖掘经济犯罪信息,加强经侦队伍业务知识培训,提高我国干警经济犯罪的侦查能力：     

Debating China beyond the Great Firewall: Digital Disenchantment and Authoritarian Resilience

To what extent does the co-existence of the empowering Internet and resilient authoritarianism rely on the state-controlled information environment? Drawing on online ethnography and a dataset of Amazon reviews, this article addresses the question by examining the debate over the memoir of a Chinese-American entrepreneur. It finds that such digital experiences, though in a free information environment, have resulted in frustration, anger, and ultimately disenchantment with the West among overseas Chinese. The findings contribute to the growing literature on digital orientalism and digital authoritarian resilience.