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261.
This article deals with the question of why the dentention capacity in the Netherlands has been increasing since 1975, and what the consequences are for the future. Analysis is based on literature. Dutch policy is reactive: capacity depends on the sum of detention sentences. The interaction between the judicial system and its political imbedding leads to a continuous growth in detention capacity. This spin-off process is also active when crime is not increasing. As a consequence, continuation of this growth is to be expected. It is not clear whether judges allow capacity to affect the length of the prison sentences they pass. If so, a spiral process is going on, where the increase in capacity fuels the need for a greater capacity in the future. In theory, this spiral could also go downwards. Therefore, when the spiral is stronger than the spin-off, a pro-active government policy could lead to a reduction in capacity. However, as it is not clear that this is the case, it is concluded that the detention capacity could best be reduced by ad hoc measures like legalising drugs. 相似文献
262.
Among his books are The Social Psychology of Social Movements; Violent Men; Reforming Human Services; Living in Prison;and, with Kenneth Adams and J. Douglas Grant, Coping. 相似文献
263.
264.
Hans von Rautenfeld 《American journal of political science》2005,49(1):184-197
This article develops Emerson's theory of representative democracy as it applies to a deliberative public sphere. By highlighting the democratic content of Emerson's thought, this article challenges tradition readings of Emerson that claim his thought to be elitist or antipolitical. According to Emerson, the public sphere is structured by representative individuals who are analogous to those representatives found in electoral institutions. These representatives make public the beliefs and values present in their "constituencies." They deliberate in the name of their constituencies, saying what their constituencies could and would say, were they to also directly engage in such deliberations. Representative individuals are tied to their constituencies through bonds of "sympathy and likeness." The moral consequences of a representative public sphere include the development of a sense of deliberative justice on the part of the citizenry and the reduction of the possibility of domination and oppression by ideologically oriented elites. 相似文献
265.
Hans Aage 《Economic Change and Restructuring》1990,23(2):143-158
Revenue sharing, i.e. workers' remuneration according to enterprise performance, has been advocated as a means against labour shortage (in socialist economies) and also as a solution to unemployment problems (in capitalist economies), with reference to the effects of revenue sharing upon workers' incentives and macro-economic conditions respectively. Compared to existing models of Soviet bonus schemes of 1965, 1986 and 1987 inclusion of these two features changes the conclusions concerning optimum factor inputs. The 1987 enterprise law may stimulate more effort as well as less employment 相似文献
266.
Valerie P. Hans 《Law and human behavior》1990,14(5):399-407
I would like to thank Margaret Andersen, Dan Slater, and Ron Roesch for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this essay. 相似文献
267.
Interfirm collaboration (IFC) has been explored by organizations seeking a vehicle for the industrial modernization of small
and medium-sized manufacturers. This paper offers five models of the impacts of IFC networks based on a survey of 123 case
studies. The models examine the association between impacts of IFC with variables describing the origins, activities, and
structures of networks. Impacts are measured through aggregate assessments of business expansion, bottom line savings, increases
in projects, increases in membership, and increases in other benefits. We find that business expansion is associated most
strongly with factors related to the origins of projects. Increases in membership and other benefits are most strongly associated
with structural factors. Finally, bottom line savings and increases in projects are most closely associated with both origin
and structural factors. 相似文献
268.
Public Choice - How do different institutional arrangements for the central bank perform when central bankers have private objectives and society' objectives vary with time? This paper... 相似文献
269.
An application of the concept of a normal vote to the West German political system is attempted. Normal vote parameters for West Germany are calculated and the 1980 Federal election is analysed by means of this newly established baseline. Furthermore, a modified version of the well-known Boyd formula for the computation of short-term effects will be proposed since under some circumstances Boyd's S may be seriously inflated. Finally, the formula will be extended to multivariate relationships. Applying the resulting partial short-term coefficient shows quite clearly that the outcome of the 1980 German Federal election was more strongly influenced by candidate evaluations than by issue orientations. 相似文献
270.