Managerial incentives and access price regulation

Policy makers have identified the non-discrimination principle as a key instrument to regulate vertically integrated firms in control of upstream bottlenecks. It has been argued that the non-discrimination principle may create a level playing field, but at the expense of higher consumer prices. However, this rests on the assumption that the firms do not respond strategically to the regulation. We show that a non-discrimination requirement makes the vertically integrated firm behave more aggressively. Consequently, non-discrimination regulation rarely creates a level playing field. Neither does it necessarily increase end-user prices. Indeed, we show that end-user prices may fall.      

Vernachlässigte Potenziale? Zur Situation von Jugendlichen ohne Bildungs- und Ausbildungsabschluss

Ausgehend von vorliegenden Befunden zur Bildungsarmut in Deutschland werden zunächst einzelne Aspekte des ?deutschen Bildungsnotstands“ vertieft und aktualisiert. Dazu gehören die sich bereits jetzt abzeichnenden Entwicklungen im Bereich der Bildungsarmut in den kommenden Jahren, die Bildungschancen von Immigranten, die Chancen von Niedrigqualifizierten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, die Zugangschancen zur Teilnahme an Maßnahmen und der Maßnahmenerfolg. In einem zweiten Teil stellen wir eine zusammenfassende Typologie vor, mit welcher das mismatch von Personen und Positionen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt übergreifend behandelt werden könnte. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Ausblick, in dem dringliche Handlungsfelder thematisiert und diskutiert werden.     

Crisis management of social structures: Planning,propaganda and societal morale

A paper originally delivered in 1955 to American Air Force Officers at the Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.A. Air Base. Prepared for publication under the editorial supervision of Nobuko Gerth and Michael Hughey.     

Die Zulässigkeit von Projekten nach FFH-Recht

Die Konturen der FFH-Vertr?glichkeitsprüfung sind insbesondere durch jüngere Entscheidungen des EuGH sehr viel deutlicher geworden. Ihnen wird im Folgenden nachgegangen. Des Weiteren geht es um die Voraussetzungen einer Ausnahme. Durchweg zeigt sich, dass zwischen der Systematik der FFH-Vertr?glichkeitsprüfung und der herk?mmlichen naturschutzrechtlichen Eingriffsregelung erhebliche Unterschiede bestehen.     

Cross-cultural Validation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory in Belgium (Flanders): Relations with Demographic Characteristics and Parenting Problems

This study examined the reliability and the validity of the Dutch CAP Inventory, a screening instrument that measures parents’ potential for child physical abuse (Milner, The Child Abuse Potential Inventory: Manual (2nd ed.), Psytec, Webster, NC, 1986). The CAP Inventory and measures on parenting stress and parents’ emotions and attributions with regard to childrearing were administered in a nonclinical sample of randomly selected mothers (N = 362) with a 4-to-11-year-old child. The CAP Inventory Abuse scale showed high internal consistency and split-half reliability. Twenty-four CAP Inventories (6.6%) were invalid, because mothers tended to present themselves either as too good or too bad. Sixteen valid CAP Inventories (4.4%) were indicative of high potential for abuse. Scores on the Abuse scale were significantly predicted by an external locus of control with regard to childrearing and by high levels of parenting stress. Results supported the cross-cultural generalizability of the CAP Inventory Abuse scale.     

Victims of Terrorism Policies: Should Victims of Terrorism be Treated Differently?

Producing large-scale victimization is one of the prime goals of terrorists worldwide. A regular characteristic not only of the unparalleled attacks of 9/11, with its more than 3,000 direct fatalities, is to provoke maximum public attention by producing as many casualties as possible. Victims fall prone to such events due to a terrorist preference for soft and symbolic targets. Not surprisingly, victims of terrorism receive particular attention when counter-terrorism policies are formulated. In practise, however, compensation and support for those directly or indirectly affected by terrorist acts is often rather poor. This article aims to analyse (i) the situation of victims of terrorism in a theoretical victimological framework, and (ii) legislation in favour of victims of terrorism from a comparative perspective. Significant differences can be found not only within Europe where victim policies are basically EU and CoE guided but likewise in comparison with the policies in the US and Israel, which have both implemented particular legislation for victims of terrorism decades ago. This article argues for the adoption of a principled approach to compensation based on social solidarity instead of tort law rules. Further attention is drawn to a particularly unprivileged group: those individuals who become victims of terrorist threats abroad and who, as a consequence of the territorial limitations applicable to compensation rules, have no access to victim compensation schemes in their home countries.     

Jurors'Evaluations of Expert Testimony: Judging the Messenger and the Message

Jurors are laypersons with no specific expert knowledge, yet they are routinely placed in situations in which they need to critically evaluate complex expert testimony. This paper examines jurors'reactions to experts who testify in civil trials and the factors jurors identify as important to expert credibility. Based on in-depth qualitative analyses of interviews with 55 jurors in 7 civil trials, we develop a comprehensive model of the key factors jurors incorporate into the process of evaluating expert witnesses and their testimony. Contrary to the frequent criticism that jurors primarily evaluate expert evidence in terms of its subjective characteristics, the results of our study indicate that jurors consider both the messenger and the message in the course of evaluating the expert's credibility.