Status of PPBS in local and state governments in the United States

There have been widespread attempts to implement PPBS or at least some of its major concepts, in local and state governments beginning in 1965. The majority of this effort has focused around the development of the structural aspects, including statements of general objectives, development of program structures, and preparation of program budgets. The use of multi-year projections and improved output measurement has begun to gain interest. Recent progress, particularly in the latter, has been encouraging. However, progress in the undertaking of the type of program and policy analysis called for by PPBS has been slow with few exceptions. The lack of quality analytical staffs inside state and local governments has been perhaps the major obstacle.This paper is a revision of a paper prepared for the Department of Housing and Urban Development as a working paper for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of HUD, OECD, or The Urban Institute.     

Distinguishing the real from the surreal in management reform: suggestions for beleaguered administrators in the government of Canada

Abstract: The authors believe that management reform initiatives can be jeopardized by the government‐wide application of idealized management frameworks. They suggest that, according to what they call “the law of mandated utopias,” the resultant management requirements become surreal in the eyes of departmental managers. The authors explore the ethical and practical dilemmas caused by the conflict between a public servant's duty to comply with centrally imposed requirements and the duty to manage people and public monies in a sensible way. The recent management improvement initiatives in the Government of Canada are used to demonstrate the practical limitations of the conceptual frameworks associated with performance measurement, performance audit, modern comptrollership, and human resources development. Suggestions are offered on how to improve management in departments while dealing with the surreal requirements generated by government‐wide reforms based on utopian frameworks. Sommaire: Les auteurs estiment que l'application de cadres de gestion purement théoriques, à l'échelle de l'appareil gouvememental, pourrait compromettre les initiatives de reforme de la gestion. Ils sont d'avis que, sous les effets de ce qu'ils appellent la «loi des utopies imposées», les exigences que les gestionnaires de ministeres sont tenus de prendre en compte peuvent leur paraitre surrkalistes. Les auteurs analysent les dilemmes concrets et déontologiques que pose l'obligation faite aux gestionnaires de se conformer aux exigences des organismes centraux tout en gerant des fonction‐naires et des fonds publics de façon judicieuse. Les initiatives actuelles d'amelioration de la gestion au gouvemement du Canada permettent de constater les limites concrètes des cadres conceptuels liés a la mesure et vérification du rendement, a la modernisation de la fonction de contrôleur et à la modemisation des ressources humaines. Les auteurs formulent, à l'intention des équipes de direction, des suggestions pour améliorer la gestion au sein de leurs ministères tout en faisant face aux exigences surréalistes engendrees par des réformes inspirkes par des cadres utopistes à l'echelle de l'appareil gouvernemental.     

Factors affecting the sustainability of a community water supply project in Kenya

This paper examines how three sustainability factors (water supply, regulatory policy, local management) are affecting the sustainability of a community water supply project in Kenya. Findings show that after 10 years the project is at a threshold of sustainability – it may yet fail. Changing rainfall patterns and additional withdrawals from new projects are threatening available water supply. The community is resisting compliance with water sector reforms including those intended to benefit community-managed projects. Community management deficiencies and a lack of supportive external relationships are impeding project continuity and sustainable local water management.     

Remembering Geoff Pearson

The British criminology community has been orphaned this year. The deaths of Stan Cohen, Mary McIntosh and now Geoff Pearson have left many of us feeling bereft. Barbara Hudson's reflection on Stan's career in the June 2013 issue of Criminal Justice Matters was adorned with memories of his kindness and unerring decency. For those of us fortunate to have known Geoff well and work alongside him there are clear parallels. Geoff Pearson left us a glittering legacy of scholarly works that have become embedded into the ‘common sense’ of criminological theory. Yet, Geoff himself was no lofty scholar, he was one of the most approachable and personable individuals one could wish to meet: generous with his time, interested in the views and experiences of others and a passionate advocate for the outsider.     

Woe Unto You, Judges: or How Reading Frankfurter and Greene, The Labor Injunction, Ruined Me as a Labour Lawyer and Made Me as an Academic

This article is a contribution to the occasional series dealing with a major book that influenced the author. Previous contributors include Stewart Macaulay, John Griffith, William Twining, Carol Harlow, and Geoffrey Bindman.