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223.
Heather Marquette 《Political studies》2004,52(3):413-430
This paper looks at the increasing politicisation of the World Bank through its work on corruption. Historically, the Bank's Articles of Agreement, which forbid it from involving itself in the politics of its recipient countries, have excluded work on corruption. In the 1990s, internal and external demands grew for the Bank to address the problem of corruption, despite earlier reticence. Much research done over the past decade, often commissioned by the Bank or done in-house, has worked to turn corruption into an economic and social issue, rather than a political one, in order to conduct anti-corruption work while evading accusations that it is violating this non-political mandate. Now this pretence is gradually slipping away and the Bank is becoming overtly political, despite its Articles and a lack of international consensus that this is the direction in which it should be heading. 相似文献
224.
In what is now Sudan there occurred over the centuries a processof ta'rib, or Arabization, entailing the gradual spread of bothArab identity and the Arabic language among northern peoples.After the Anglo-Egyptian conquest of 1898, British colonialpolicies favoured a narrow elite from within these Arabcommunities. Members of this elite went on to develop a conceptionof a self-consciously Sudanese Arabic national identity, inthe process adapting the term Sudanese (sudani),which derived from an Arabic word for blackness and previouslyhad servile connotations. At decolonization in the 1950s, thesenationalists turned ta'rib, into an official policy that soughtto propagate Arabic quickly throughout a territory where scoresof languages were spoken. This article considers the historicaldiffusion of Sudanese Arabic-language culture and Arab identity,contrasts this with the post-colonial policy of Arabization,and analyses the relevance of the latter for civil conflictsin Southern Sudan, the Nuba Mountains, and, more recently, Darfur.Far from spreading Arabness, Arabization policy sharpened non-Araband, in some cases, self-consciously African (implyingculturally pluralist) identities. Arabization policy also accompanied,in some quarters, the growth of an ideology of Arab culturaland racial supremacy that is now most evident in Darfur.
This publication was made possible in part by grants from theCarnegie Corporation of New York (Carnegie Scholars Program,2006) and the University Research Foundation of the Universityof Pennsylvania, but the statements made and views expressedare solely the responsibility of the author. The author wouldalso like to thank Benjamin F. Soares, Karin Willemse, VijayBalasubramanian, and two anonymous referees for their feedbackon earlier drafts of this article; the African Studies Centreat the University of Leiden for hosting the seminar (April 2007)where this work was first presented; and Tukufu Zuberi, EveTroutt Powell and the Africana Studies Center of the Universityof Pennsylvania for organizing a symposium on Darfur (1 March2007) that helped to bring ideas into focus. 相似文献
225.
Rich Gilman E. Scott Huebner Lili Tian Nansook Park Jenny O’Byrne Miriam Schiff Dina Sverko Heather Langknecht 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(2):142-154
Although numerous cross-national studies have assessed life satisfaction among adults, similar studies using adolescent samples
have been rare. To address this shortage of research, a total of 1338 youth adolescents from two individualistic nations (Ireland,
USA) and two collectivistic nations (China, South Korea) were administered the Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS: Huebner, 1994) to assesses general life satisfaction and satisfaction with family, friends, school, self, and living environment. Responses
were analyzed to assess potential cross-national differences in (a) mean levels of life satisfaction, and (b) response styles,
specifically acquiescence and extreme responding. Mean scores revealed positive ratings by adolescents from all four nations
across all domains, with the exceptions of satisfaction with school experiences (Ireland, South Korean, USA), living environment
(China, South Korea), self (South Korea), and general life satisfaction (South Korea). Results also revealed significant response
style differences across all MSLSS domains. Significant gender and gender-by-nation effects were observed for both mean score
and response style differences, although the effect sizes were small. The implications of these findings were discussed, particularly
with respect to “individualistic” vs. “collectivistic” cultural differences.
Rich Gilman is Associate Professor in the Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology at the University of Kentucky.
His research interests include positive well-being among youth, perfectionism, and socially ostracized adolescents.
Scott Huebner is Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of South Carolina. His research interests involve
the conceptualization, measurement, and implications of positive psychological well-being constructs among youth. He is a
fellow of Division 16 of the APA and the International Society for Quality of Life Studies.
Lili Tian is Associate Professor at South China Normal University. She received her Ph.D. in psychology from Beijing Normal
University. Her major research interests include adolescent's school well-being, acculturation of immigrant children and personality
assessment.
Nansook Park is Associate Professor at the University of Rhode Island. She received her Ph.D. from University of South Carolina.
Her major research interests among youth include character strengths and virtues, positive experience and life satisfaction
and how they are related to well-being, family functioning, health and education.
Jenny O’Byrne received her BA in the Department of Counselling & Psychotherapy from the Dublin Business School. Recent research
interests focus on child and adolescent development, and she recently completed her pre-clinical training in psychoanalytic
psychotherapy with the Lincoln Centre in London.
Dina Sverko is a research assistant at the University of Zagreb (Croatia). She received her Ph.D. in psychology from the University
of Triest (Italy). Her major research interests include personality assessment and health psychology.
Miriam Schiff is lecturer (equivalent to Assistant Professor) at the Hebrew University School of Social Work and Social Welfare
in Jerusalem. Her major research interests include trauma and substance use, and general mental health among adolescents in
clinic settings.
Heather Langknecht received her Ed.S. from the University of Kentucky in 2004. She currently works as a school psychologist
at Virginia Beach Public Schools (Virginia). Her primary research interests are cross-national quality of life issues among
children and youth. 相似文献
226.
Sherman Lawrence W. van Mastrigt Sarah Gade Christian B. N. Ammann Theresa Strang Heather 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2021,17(2):151-160
Journal of Experimental Criminology - When offenders or victims are randomly assigned to receive experimental vs. current treatments, the external validity of results may depend on whether... 相似文献
227.
Heather Getha‐Taylor 《Public administration review》2019,79(5):772-776
The reinventing government movement of the 1990s reshaped the public sector in significant ways. Creating a government that worked better and cost less was accomplished through streamlined federal middle management ranks and privatized service delivery, which contributed to the emergence of a “hollow state.” Workforce reductions that addressed short‐term economic realities effectively threatened the long‐term sustainability of governmental organizations and the communities they serve. A variety of forces are now ushering in a new era of hollow government, including a changing context for public work, shifting bureaucratic expectations, and reduced capacity for workforce management. The public sector and its employees represent an important contributor to the vitality of our economy and communities. Revitalizing the public sector workforce is critical for revitalizing the middle class, and both represent urgent policy priorities. 相似文献
228.
Heather Selma Gregg 《Terrorism and Political Violence》2016,28(2):338-360
Numerous scholars have investigated religiously motivated violence, particularly in the wake of September 11, including discussions on the role of modernity in triggering religious violence, the increasing presence of religion in politics, the violence-prone nature of certain religions, and religion's correlation with ethnicity and other conflict-intensifying variables. However, religious activism and violence are not new phenomena. Few theories have been advanced that move across time and space and, broadly, seek to explain the conditions under which religion becomes involved in activism and violence. This article argues that three broad causal arguments for religious activism—social movements, fundamentalism, and apocalyptic warriors—help explain the conditions under which religiously motivated violence occurs across time and space. These three causal arguments offer a spectrum of goals within religious activism, ranging from challenging social practices and government policies, to defending specific interpretations and practices of the faith, to hastening the apocalypse. Furthermore, each of these theories proposes different ways that religion becomes involved in social, political, and religious activism and the conditions under which groups use violence to further their goals. The article concludes by suggesting countermeasures for each type of religious activism. 相似文献
229.
AbstractPolicymakers, school officials and the law enforcement community have expanded legal tools and other strategies to address bullying in recent years. This has resulted in a larger and more challenging role for law enforcement officers working in school settings. The present study seeks to understand the ways in which local law enforcement officers interpret this new role and their efforts to prevent and respond to bullying. We draw upon Routine Activities Theory as a lens to view officer perceptions of promoting guardianship and reducing target suitability of young people most at-risk for bullying victimization. Data collected from qualitative interviews of law enforcement officers working with local schools, suggest that officers see a role for law enforcement in promoting guardianship around this health and safety concern, but recognize the limitations of using arrest authority. They emphasize promoting trust and building relationship in efforts to support potential and current bullying victims. 相似文献
230.
Testing for Analysts’ Bias in Crime Prevention Experiments: Can We Accept Eisner’s One-tailed Test? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Eisner (Journal of Experimental Criminology, this issue, 2009) suggests that developer-led evaluations often make programs
look better than independent evaluations do because the former suffer systematic biases in favor of prevention success. Yet,
his proposed remedies suffer their own systematic bias, constituting a ‘one-tailed’ test of bias in only one direction. In
this response we suggest that a more objective assessment of ‘analysts’ effects’ requires a ‘two-tailed’ test of bias, in
which reviewers would measure indications of bias both for and against success in evaluations reported by both developers and independent evaluators. After exploring the full complexity of the distinction
between developers and evaluators, we report on one case in which independent evaluations were more favorable than those of
developers. We then suggest possible indicators of analysts’ biases against finding success that may characterize the work
of developers who “bend over backwards” to find harm in their programs, and of independent evaluators who may seek to “get
a scalp” of a developer or a program.
Lawrence W. Sherman is the Wolfson Professor of Criminology at Cambridge University, UK, and Director of its Jerry Lee Centre of Experimental Criminology at the Institute of Criminology. He is also Professor of Criminology at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. The founding President of the Academy of Experimental Criminology, he is the author of the forthcoming book Experimental Criminology and has designed or directed over 30 randomized field experiments. Heather Strang is Director of the Centre for Restorative Justice in the Regulatory Institutions Network (Regnet), Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, at the Australian National University. She is also a Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Pennsylvania and Senior Research Fellow in the Institute of Criminology at Cambridge University. Elected a Fellow of the Academy of Experimental of Criminology in recognition of her book Repair of Revenge: Victims and Restorative Justice, she has led twelve randomized trials of restorative justice conferencing. She is currently directing an Australian Research Council study of both offenders and victims in the ten-year aftermath of four RCTs of restorative justice in Canberra. 相似文献
Lawrence W. ShermanEmail: |
Lawrence W. Sherman is the Wolfson Professor of Criminology at Cambridge University, UK, and Director of its Jerry Lee Centre of Experimental Criminology at the Institute of Criminology. He is also Professor of Criminology at the University of Pennsylvania, USA. The founding President of the Academy of Experimental Criminology, he is the author of the forthcoming book Experimental Criminology and has designed or directed over 30 randomized field experiments. Heather Strang is Director of the Centre for Restorative Justice in the Regulatory Institutions Network (Regnet), Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, at the Australian National University. She is also a Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Pennsylvania and Senior Research Fellow in the Institute of Criminology at Cambridge University. Elected a Fellow of the Academy of Experimental of Criminology in recognition of her book Repair of Revenge: Victims and Restorative Justice, she has led twelve randomized trials of restorative justice conferencing. She is currently directing an Australian Research Council study of both offenders and victims in the ten-year aftermath of four RCTs of restorative justice in Canberra. 相似文献