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941.
942.
943.
Jeremy Smith 《欧亚研究》2019,71(6):972-993
AbstractThe essay challenges the frequent references to the concept of Soviet nationality policy by historians and social scientists. The argument proceeds, first, by unpicking some of the logic in the use of the term; second, by examining the evidence for the existence and nature of such a policy; and third, by considering alternative explanations for major decisions and events concerning non-Russian nationalities in the Soviet Union. The essay concludes that, at least after the 1920s, there was no Soviet nationality policy, and the processes of negotiation and nation-promoting practices pursued by republic leaders were, instead, the key influences on decision-making. 相似文献
944.
945.
Anita Lavorgna Catherine Rutherford Valentina Vaglica Matthew J. Smith Maurizio Sajeva 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2018,24(3):269-288
The illegal trade in endangered plants damages both the environment and local communities by threatening and destroying numerous species and important natural resources. There is very little research which systematically addresses this issue by identifying specific opportunities for crime. This article presents the results of an interdisciplinary study which brings together criminological and conservation science expertise to identify criminal opportunities in the illegal wild plant trade and suggest strategies in order to prevent and mitigate the problem. Methodologically, the study adapts a crime proofing of legislation approach to the UN Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and is based on documentary and interview data. Situational crime prevention is used as a framework to provide points for effective intervention. 相似文献
946.
Heather Looy 《Social Justice Research》2018,31(3):290-310
Issues of sexual and gender diversity (SGD) appear to generate a disproportionate amount of controversy and emotional intensity relative to other issues of moral concern, particularly among Christians. How can people with differing views stay at the table and navigate conversations and decisions about SGD without necessarily dividing or disintegrating families and churches? This article discusses some of the key psychological barriers to constructive dialogue and decisions about SGD among Christians. These barriers include the ways in which people understand and use sex/gender categories to organize their social worlds, variability in tolerance for ambiguity and change, differences in the foundations used to frame moral concerns, and particularly the ways in which emotions function to motivate and reinforce our responses to SGD. Because these psychological aspects function mostly automatically and unconsciously and interact in complex ways, awareness is a necessary first step in moving forward constructively. Specific suggestions for scholarly research as well as strategies for community leaders attempting to engage with SGD are provided. 相似文献
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948.
Ismael Rafols Patrick van Zwanenberg Molly Morgan Paul Nightingale Adrian Smith 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2011,36(6):624-639
In this article we explore some of the analytical and policy implications of widening the focus of nanomaterials governance
from risk regulation to the broader issue of the purposeful direction of the innovation process. We focus on the impact of
industrial activities on nanotechnology governance, arguing that the specific characteristics of the industrial dynamics of
nanomaterials—flexibility in applications and distributed innovation—limit and enable different potential interventions to shape technology. In particular, these characteristics exacerbate the
difficulties of attempting to directly influence innovation trajectories. Under these conditions, we argue that policies for
nanomaterials governance need to be broadened. The prevailing emphasis in the UK on policy initiatives ‘upstream’ in the R&D
process, while commendable, should be complemented with policies aimed further ‘downstream’ at potential users of nanomaterials,
such as renewable energy procurement or housing regulations in order to modulate technological development towards socially
desirable goals. 相似文献
949.
Boddington P Curren L Kaye J Kanellopoulou N Melham K Gowans H Hawkins N 《European journal of health law》2011,18(5):491-519
Consent forms are the principal method for obtaining informed consent from biomedical research participants. The significance of these forms is increasing as more secondary research is undertaken on existing research samples and information, and samples are deposited in biobanks accessible to many researchers. We reviewed a selection of consent forms used in European Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and identified four common elements that were found in every consent form. Our analysis showed that only two of the four most commonly found elements in our sample of informed consent forms were required in UK law. This raises questions about what should be put in informed consent forms for research participants. These findings could be beneficial for the formulation of participant information and consent documentation in the future studies. 相似文献
950.
Employing a resource dependence theoretical framework, the authors analyze a set of recently awarded contracts between the Environmental Protection Agency and its suppliers to determine how joint dependence, supplier dependence, and government dependence affect contract design—specifically, the decision to use a cost‐plus (flexible) contract. Findings provide evidence that organizations choose contract designs that will reduce uncertainty related to securing critical resources. However, different dimensions of dependence have different effects: (1) higher levels of joint dependence lead to more flexible governance forms; (2) the lack of alternative suppliers is a more important factor than high levels of financial dependence; and (3) the parties involved in government procurement are likely to perceive government as a unique type of organization, which, in turn, has implications for contract design choices. The authors conclude with managerial strategies for restructuring power/dependence relationships to achieve the contract design most likely to yield a surplus in the exchange. 相似文献