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131.
We address fundamental questions about the ability of interest groups to shape public policy by examining the influence of amicus curiae briefs on U.S. Supreme Court majority opinion content. We argue that the justices will incorporate language from amicus briefs into their opinions based on the extent to which the amicus briefs contribute to their ability to make effective law and policy. Using plagiarism detection software and other forms of computer assisted content analysis, we find that the justices adopt language from amicus briefs based primarily on the quality of the brief's argument, the level of repetition in the brief, the ideological position advocated in the brief, and the identity of the amicus. These results add fresh insight into how interest groups influence the development of federal law by the Supreme Court. 相似文献
132.
Pamela J. Taylor Maria Dolores Bragado-Jimenez 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2009,32(1):56-64
Psychosis confers a disproportionate risk of violence on women compared with men, but such women barely affect national crime statistics anywhere. Much research in the field does not include women at all. In our literature review, we found that information about women, psychosis and violence generally had to be extracted from studies including women but focussing on men; not uncommonly analyses ‘controlled for gender’ rather than treating it as interesting in itself. A tendency for women to be older than men at onset of psychosis may not apply to those who become violent, but women with psychosis do seem to start offending later and desist sooner. Rates of seriously adverse childhood experiences are similar between women and men with psychosis, except for sexual abuse—more frequently reported by the women. Some evidence of special patterns for women in the nature of psychosis and violence relationships requires more exploration, as do treatment questions. With so few women in any one service, multi-centre co-operation in research with them will be essential. 相似文献
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Abstract Background: There have been recent proposals in England and Wales to develop services aimed at reducing the risk to the public posed by offenders with so-called “severe personality disorder”. The emphasis of the proposals is on risk. However, prisoners with personality disorder may have psychiatric treatment needs other than those purely relating to public protection. The aim of the study was to examine the association between severity of self reported personality disorder pathology and psychological distress in serious offenders. Method: All male prisoners in two prisons, convicted of violent or sexual offences, were sent the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4+(PDQ?4+) and the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R). Results: High levels of self reported personality pathology were associated with high levels of psychological distress. Conclusions: Offenders with the most severe self reported personality disorder pathology experience distress that may be clinically significant. Services for offenders with personality disorder will need to address their associated psychiatric symptoms. 相似文献
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Abstract This paper addresses two issues: whether there is a developmental trend in suggestibility to misleading post-event information, and whether suggestibility can be reduced by use of part of the cognitive interview. Twenty participants from each of three age groups (four-to-five year olds, eight-to-nine year olds and adults) watched a filmed event, and half of the participants in each age group were subsequently asked to recall everything they had seen using a method derived from the cognitive interview procedure. Following this, all participants were asked questions about the filmed event, some of which incorporated misleading information. Twenty four hours later the witnesses were interviewed again, this time critical questions were included about the truth of the presuppositions introduced in the initial questionnaire. It was found that although the eight-to-nine year olds were more suggestible than adults, the apparent greater suggestibility of very young children (four-to-five years) could potentially be explained in terms of heightened compliance to the perceived demands of the interviewer. The 'be complete' part of the cognitive interview only produced an improvement in performance for the eight-to-nine year olds. 相似文献
139.
Pamela A. Warren 《Psychological injury and law》2013,6(3):196-207
In the first article of this three-part series, an overview of systematic problems related to behavioral health (BH) treatment and disability was discussed. In this second article of the series, I discuss a number of factors that contribute to the lack of standardization regarding the work of all professionals in the area, including those in the BH field, which serve to introduce imprecision into the BH treatment and disability determination processes. From how professionals are trained and continuing to those who are providing clinical treatment, it is essential to understand how the lack of standardization impacts the treatment itself as well as treatment outcomes. This lack of standardization contributes to poorly identified mental health (MH) conditions, no identification of psychosocial issues, and an overreliance on subjective information, including professional clinical opinion, which leads to poorly defensible professional decision-making as well as poorer outcomes in treatment. In this litigious age, it is not sufficient to employ clinical opinion alone as the basis for treatment decisions. The more sophisticated professional recognizes the importance that one's assessment and treatment decisions may later be questioned in court or in a disability determination hearing. The importance of standardization and utilizing the current scientific standards has become imperative in today's professional evaluation and treatment in the area. 相似文献
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Policy Sciences - Over the last two decades, the design practice has been expanding to the public sphere to generate solutions for public challenges. In particular, the reflections on the design... 相似文献