PREDICTING WHO REOFFENDS: THE NEGLECTED ROLE OF NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT IN RECIDIVISM STUDIES*

Prior studies of recidivism have focused almost exclusively on individual‐level characteristics of offenders and their offenses to explore the correlates of reoffending. Notably absent from these studies are measures reflecting the neighborhood contexts in which individuals live. The current research addresses this shortcoming. Using data on a sample of ex‐offenders in Multnomah County, Oregon (Portland and surrounding area) in conjunction with 2000 census data, we answer two questions. First, which individual‐level factors influence rates of recidivism? Second, to what extent does neighborhood socioeconomic status account for variation in the reoffending behavior of ex‐prisoners that is not explained by their individual‐level characteristics? We find that those who return to disadvantaged neighborhoods recidivate at a greater rate while those who return to resource rich or affluent communities recidivate at a lesser rate, controlling for individual‐level factors.     

我国刑事诉讼卷宗移送方式的困境及其改革出路

我国原刑事诉讼法采用的全部卷宗移送方式因易导致法官预断而致庭审流于形式,在刑事诉讼法修改时遭到废弃。新刑事诉讼法采用的部分卷宗移送主义因其改革的不彻底性又产生了种种弊端。部分学者因之提出了借鉴“起诉状一本主义”改革我国卷宗移送方式的思路。但在我国刑事诉讼改革方向尚不明确,起诉状一本主义需要的各项配套制度尚未建立的情况下,贸然实施起诉状一本主义必然导致制度内部的冲突,甚而会因制度的反作用而产生始料未及的结果。因此,暂缓实行与我国诉讼制度适应性前景无法预料的“起诉状一本主义”,结合我国国情,重塑预审程序,实现庭审法官和预审法官的职责分离,将卷宗移送划分为向预审法官的证据移送和向庭审法官的证据移送是较为合理选择。     

Düngemittelrecht, Atomrecht und Bodenschutzrecht – lückenlose Anwendungsbereiche?

Das deutsche Bodenschutzrecht ist angesichts seines geringen Anwendungsbereiches sowie seiner sehr lückenhaften und zudem vollzugsunfreundlichen Konkretisierung in Grenzwerten h?ufig wenig effektiv. Diese These verfolgt der vorliegende Beitrag anhand eines besonders wesentlichen, in der politischen, juristischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Debatte bisher kaum beachteten gesundheits- und umweltrelevanten Faktors: der düngungsbedingten Belastung von B?den durch Uraneintr?ge. Dies verhilft zugleich zu einer n?heren Bestimmung der konkurrierenden Anwendungsbereiche verschiedener Umweltgesetze.     

普法依法治理工作要体现时代性 把握规律性富于创造性

党的十六大报告指出,坚持党的思想路线,解放思想,实事求是,与时俱进,是我们党坚持先进性和增强创造力的决定性因素。与时俱进,就是党的全部理论和工作要体现时代性,把握规律性,富于创造性。普法依法治理工作,是党和政府工作的重要组成部分,做好普法依法治理工作,也必须要体现时     

江苏省猪高热病病例主要继发感染病毒的多重PCR检测

应用建立的2个多重PCR方法,对2005~2006年收集于江苏省的211份猪高热病疑似病料进行了检测。结果,PRRSV阳性率为51.2%,PCV2阳性率为44.1%,CSFV阳性率为10.4%,PPV阳性率为3.9%,PRV阳性率为2.4%。2005年病料中PCV2阳性率为21.2%,2006年为73.2%;2005年PRRSV阳性率为38.1%,2006年为67.7%。2006年猪高热病疫情比2005年严重,PCV2和PRRSV可能在其中发挥了协同致病作用。对10个PRRSV分离株ORF5基因和Nsp2基因进行的测序表明,2006年分离株Nsp2基因中有连续87个碱基的缺失。     

The view from below: Local government and Putin's reforms

Local government reforms in contemporary Russia are placed in the broader contexts of political reform under Putin and the historical relationship between local administration and the state. Reforms of local government thus help illuminate the architecture of contemporary state building in Russia and the degree to which contemporary Russia perpetuates political traditions. This study reviews the antecedent action in local government prior to the Putin era. It then examines the Kozak Commission and the new law on local government, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of these reforms. Finally, this study examines the challenges of implementing the reforms and what these challenges tell us about devolution and centralisation under Putin.