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D J Hellman 《Health law vigil》1985,8(12):suppl 1-suppl18
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Deborah Hellman 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2009,3(3):301-316
Willful blindness is not an appropriate substitute for knowledge in crimes that require a mens rea of knowledge because an
actor who contrives his own ignorance is only sometimes as culpable as a knowing actor. This paper begins with the assumption
that the classic willfully blind actor—the drug courier—is culpable. If so, any plausible account of willful blindness must
provide criteria that find this actor culpable. This paper then offers two limiting cases: a criminal defense lawyer defending
a client he suspects of perjury and a pain doctor who suspects his patient may be lying about her pain. The paper argues that
each of these actors is justified in cultivating ignorance about his client’s or patient’s truthfulness. If this is right,
then a good theory of willful blindness must distinguish these cases. The article argues that neither Husak & Callender’s
motivation-based account of willful blindness nor the recklessness account is able to do so. The paper proposes the following
alternative: contrived ignorance constitutes culpable blindness when the decision to remain blind or to cultivate blindness
is not itself justified. This Justification approach meshes with our intuitions about willfully blind drug couriers as well
as willfully blind lawyers and doctors. 相似文献
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Profits from legal gambling are often channelled to good causes. This system embeds the predicament of whether citizens’ potentially problematic gambling activities should be a source of funding for the public good. In this article, this dilemma is unfolded by the receivers of public grants that stem from gambling revenues. A total of twenty-three representatives of Civil Society Organizations were interviewed as beneficiaries of the Finnish state-owned gambling monopolies. The article illustrates explicit dependencies and hidden ethical dilemmas, suggesting that CSOs may have limited possibilities of making ethically consistent decisions in view of the origin of their funding. 相似文献
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Maria Hellman 《European Security》2017,26(2):153-170
How can European democratic states respond to Russian information warfare? This article aims to enable and spur systematic research of how democracies can respond to the spread of distorted information as part of information warfare. The article proposes four ideal-type models representing different strategies that democratic governments can employ; blocking, confronting, naturalising and ignoring. Each strategy is illustrated by ways of empirical examples of strategies applied by European states in view of what is regarded as an unwelcome Russian strategic narrative that is spread as part of information warfare. We problematise each strategy and explore reasons for why states choose one strategy over another. We then explore how different strategies might contribute to destabilise or stabilise the security environment and how they resonate with democratic values. Finally, we contribute to theorising on strategic narratives by highlighting that the choice of strategy will influence states in their formation of strategic narratives. We thus further theorising on strategic narratives by highlighting the link between strategies and narratives, thus identifying one central dynamic in how narratives are formed. 相似文献
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The Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) predicts that matching interventions with a person’s readiness to change should
improve treatment outcomes. This cross-sectional correlational study examined characteristics that affected self-reported
readiness to change abusive behavior among a sample of 109 men in a 52-week batterer treatment program. Participants completed
measures of anger/hostility, readiness to change, manipulative parenting, and self-esteem. Results indicated that contemplation
of the impact of abuse has the highest unique relationship with self-reported taking action to stop violence. Moreover, physical
aggression and manipulative parenting account for significant variance in the scores associated with self-reported taking
action to stop violence as well. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at moving clients into contemplation, and
reducing physical aggression and manipulative parenting styles, may increase the likelihood that batterers will take action
to stop violence. 相似文献
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