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221.
现代中国思想史在总体上充斥着对许多中国传统文化和思想——尤其是儒学——的拒绝和批判。二十一世纪初,儒学和自由主义在中国的命运和前途似乎开始改变。当今中国一位著名的儒家学者蒋庆反对将西方式的民主引入中国。另外一位在当代中国富有影响力的学者康晓光也如此认为,他倡议用儒家的"仁政"来代替民主。另一方面,二十世纪著名的新儒家学者们却完全接受在西方演化而来的民主宪政。尽管已有半个世纪之久,但徐复观所宣扬的以及1958年《宣言》所体现的政治儒学思想,对我们今天仍具有启示意义,并回荡在我们心中。蒋庆和康晓光提出的将儒学作为中国的意识形态的建议,不是中国政治改革的长远之道。 相似文献
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224.
Albert Weale 《The Political quarterly》2017,88(2):170-181
What should be the position of democrats in response to the Brexit referendum? Many urge a duty to accept the result. This article argues the contrary. If someone is a UK citizen, has a belief that leaving the European Union will be damaging to the common good of the UK and is a convinced democrat, then that person has a duty to oppose Brexit. Neither of the two principal reasons for accepting the result—a claim of popular sovereignty or of parliamentary sovereignty—imply a duty not to continue to oppose. Arguments from political equality for simple majority rule do not apply when the alternatives are ill defined. More generally, popular sovereignty presupposes and does not replace constitutional democracy, and in a parliamentary democracy there is always a continuing right to oppose. 相似文献
225.
One way of making decisions is for political associates or their representatives to vote on each issue separately in accordance with the majority principle and then take the cumulative outcomes of such majority decision making to define the collective choice for public policy. We call such a system one of majorities rule. Thought of in spatial terms, majorities rule is equivalent to the principle of making decisions according to the issue-by-issue median of voter preferences. If popular control and political equality are core democratic values, they can be rendered as requirements on a collective choice rule, involving resoluteness, anonymity, strategy-proofness and responsiveness. These requirements entail that the collective decision rule be a percentile method. If we then add a requirement of impartiality, as exhibited in a collective choice rule which would be chosen behind a veil of ignorance, then the issue-by-issue median is uniquely identified as a fair rule. Hence, majorities rule is special. Some objections to this line of reasoning are considered. 相似文献
226.
Joanes Odiwuor Atela Claire Hellen Quinn Albert A. Arhin Lalisa Duguma Kennedy Liti Mbeva 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2017,17(4):463-482
Emerging climate change regimes, such as the mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), are increasingly aiming to engage developing countries such as those in Africa, in sustainable development through carbon markets. The contribution of African countries to global climate negotiations determines how compatible the negotiated rules could be with the existing socioeconomic and policy circumstances of African countries. The aim of this paper is to explore the agency of Africa (African States) in the global climate change negotiations and discuss possible implications for implementing these rules using REDD+ as a case study. Drawing on document analysis and semi-structured expert interviews, our findings suggest that although African countries are extensively involved in the implementation of REDD+ interventions, the continent has a weak agency on the design of the global REDD+ architecture. This weak agency results from a number of factors including the inability of African countries to send large and diverse delegations to the negotiations as well lack of capacity to generate and transmit research evidence to the global platform. African countries also perceive themselves as victims of climate change who should be eligible for support rather than sources of technological solutions. Again, Africa’s position is fragmented across negotiation coalitions which weakens the continent's collective influence on the REDD+ agenda. This paper discusses a number of implementation deficits which could result from this weak agency. These include concerns about implementation capacity and a potential lack of coherence between REDD+ rules and existing policies in African countries. These findings call for a rethink of pathways to enhancing Africa’s strategies in engaging in multilateral climate change negotiations, especially if climate change regimes specifically targeted at developing countries are to be effective. 相似文献
227.
Albert Kraler 《Journal of immigrant & refugee studies》2019,17(1):94-113
AbstractThis paper examines the social policy implications of the regularization of irregular immigrants. As an act of legal integration regularization arguably is about irregular migrants’ inclusion into mainstream social and legal structures and, as a corollary, has important implications for migrants’ access to social rights. Based on a recent comparative study of regularizations and their impact in seven EU Member-States, the study finds that access to social rights associated with regularizations indeed are reported as the most important impacts of regularization by regularized migrants themselves, next to access to work and related welfare entitlements. 相似文献
228.
The purpose of this paper is to identify and unravel the disparate views toward innovation prevalent within the economic community
and to link them to the various public policy approaches. These various schools of thought, or ways of thinking about the
economy in general and the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in particular, not only shape how innovation and entrepreneurial
activity are valued, but also the overall policy debate concerning innovation and entrepreneurship. Unraveling of these views
highlights the disparate way in which entrepreneurial activity leading to innovation is valued. 相似文献
229.
Albert R. Jonsen 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2007,35(2):238-240
The era of replacing human organs and their functions began with chronic dialysis and renal transplantation in the 1960s. These significant medical advances brought unprecedented problems. Among these, the selection of patients for a scarce resource was most troubling. In Seattle, where dialysis originated, a "God Committee" selected which patients would live and die. The debates over such a committee stimulated the origins of bioethics. 相似文献
230.