Local modernization and crime

This paper examines the impact of industrialization and urbanization on criminal behavior in Middletown during the period between 1845 and 1910. It was this period which demonstrated the most rapid growth and change in the community and which turned Middletown from a pioneer settlement to a modest industrial city. The authors test five hypotheses relating to the relationship of the modermization process to changes in the rates of crime. Data for this study were drawn from official records of the county and city courts with criminal jurisdiction.     

China's Environmental Governance: the domestic – international nexus

This paper examines the connection between China's domestic governance and its involvement in global governance in environmental protection by studying the major actors and issues involved in the interaction between the domestic and international spheres of activities. These actors include international institutions, national and local governments, nongovernmental organisations, and others. The paper demonstrates that China has made some substantive progress in protecting its environment, but much more needs to be done. Internationally it seems to lack the will or the capability to make much contribution towards global environmental governance. However, because of its huge aggregate size, what it does or does not do to avert environmental degradation at home could have a significant impact on collective efforts to protect the environment at the global level.     

Confronting the challenges of urban development in São Paulo: the Operações Interligadas/Urbanas

This article examines the contribution of international municipal cooperation (IMC) to the resolution of long standing planning challenges in the city of São Paulo (Brazil), South America's largest urban agglomeration. Specifically, the study investigates the early development and subsequent evolution of a planning‐related project developed in collaboration with the city of Toronto, Canada. In its first phase–dubbed the Operações Interligadas (OI)–the initiative was directed towards expansion and improvement of São Paulo's housing stock. The second phase, known as the Operações Urbanas, has focused more broadly on urban renewal. As will be shown, both phases of the programme have provided an important fund‐raising mechanism for confronting the challenges of urban growth and change. At the same time, however, the study reveals a number of limitations to the overall strategy, perhaps restricting its use as a model for other developing world cities. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seeing eye to eye: organizational behaviour,brokering and building trust in Tanzania

The focus of this article is organizational behaviour in and around the private sector in Tanzania at a time of transition through liberalization and the promotion of private sector activity; how the private sector has re‐emerged in the very recent past; how it operates as a group or, more accurately, as a set of groups, and the relationships between its component parts and with other development organizations (notably public actors: the state and aid donors). Within this framework our interest is in how organizational behaviour is mediated and trust is built through the brokering of relations between different organizations which intersect the public and private (and what this means for the public sphere). The article assesses the usefulness of a three‐level framework for analysing organizational and institutional transformation, shows that some tentative but modest change is occurring, and that a range of incomplete but positive political processes are happening. We show that institutional development is the weak link in these processes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Book reviews

Pride of Small Nations: The Caucasus and Post‐Soviet Disorder Suzanne Goldenberg London: Zed Books, 1994, xv, 233 pp, 1 map

The North Caucasus: Minorities at a Crossroads Helen Krag and Lars Funch Report of The Minority Rights Group International, 94/5, 45 pp (incl. map), 1994, £4.95

The Legacy of History in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. The International Politics of Eurasia Vol 1 Series editors, S. Frederick Starr (editor), Bruce Parrott and Karen Dawisha Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1994, xiii, 328 pp, $49.95 hb, $19.95 pb

Central Asia Reader: The Rediscovery of History H. B. Paksoy (editor) Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1994, ix + 206 pp $60 hb, $21.95 pb

National Identity and Ethnicity in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. The International Politics of Eurasia Vol 2 Roman Szporluk (editor) Series editors, Bruce Parrott and Karen Dawisha Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1994, xiii, 328 pp, $49.95 hb, $19.95 pb

Muslim Communities Reemerge: Historical Perspectives on Nationality, Politics, and Opposition in the Former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia Andreas Kappeler, Gerhard Simon and Georg Brunner, editors of the German edition: Edward Allworth, editor English edition Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1994, Caroline Sawyer, trans., xiv, 365 pp, $54.95 hb, $24.95 pb

The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution Mohsen M. Milani Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994, 268 pp

Torture and Modernity: Self, Society, and State in Modern Iran Darious M. Rejali Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994, 289 pp

China's Minorities: Integration and Modernization in the Twentieth Century Colin Mackerras Hong Kong and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994, viii, 341 pp, $79.00

High Tartary Owen Lattimore New York, Tokyo, London: Kodansha International, 386 pp, illus, £11.99

Turkestan Reunion Eleanor Holgate Lattimore New York, Tokyo, London: Kodansha International, 323 pp, illus, £10.99

Islamic Urban Studies: Historical Review and Perspectives Masashi Haneda and Toru Miura (editors) London: Kegan Paul International, 1995, 365 pp, index, biblio, £55