Automated consent through privacy agents: Legal requirements and technical architecture

The changes imposed by new information technologies, especially pervasive computing and the Internet, require a deep reflection on the fundamental values underlying privacy and the best way to achieve their protection. The explicit consent of the data subject, which is a cornerstone of most data protection regulations, is a typical example of requirement which is very difficult to put into practice in the new world of “pervasive computing” where many data communications necessarily occur without the users' notice. In this paper, we argue that an architecture based on “Privacy Agents” can make privacy rights protection more effective, provided however that this architecture meets a number of legal requirements to ensure the validity of consent delivered through such Privacy Agents. We first present a legal analysis of consent considering successively (1) its nature; (2) its essential features (qualities and defects) and (3) its formal requirements. Then we draw the lessons of this legal analysis for the design of a valid architecture based on Privacy Agents. To conclude, we suggest an implementation of this architecture proposed in a multidisciplinary project involving lawyers and computer scientists.     

It's not the time they spend, it's what they do: The interaction between delinquent friends and unstructured routine activity on delinquency : Findings from two countries

This study examines whether having delinquent friends interacts with other peer-related variables in the explanation of adolescent offending. We hypothesise that the relationship between delinquent friends and offending might be conditioned by the effect of (1) how much time they spend with their friends, (2) how much time they spend in unstructured routine activities and (3) their emotional relationship with their friends. To test these three hypotheses we use data from two independent samples of young adolescents in Halmstad, Sweden (N = 1,003) and in Cologne and Freiburg, Germany (N = 955). The results found strong support that the effect of delinquent friends on adolescent offending is conditional on the level of time they spend in unstructured routine activities. This indicates that delinquent friends have a stronger effect on offending for adolescents who often spend their free time in unstructured routine activities.     

Privacy regulations on biometrics in Australia

This paper aims to provide an analysis of the current regulatory environment, at the federal level, of privacy protection concerning biometrics in Australia. The study only focuses on the federal Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) and the Biometrics Institute Privacy Code. The discussion is based on the legal concerns of the use of biometrics, and an analysis is made concerning the implications of privacy protection sources.     

中国东北地区与东北亚的经济交流

在东北三省中 ,辽宁省地理位置优越 ,贸易量也最大 ,目前正在寻求市场的多样化发展。吉林省最大的贸易伙伴是韩国 ,有大量的劳务输出人员 ,突出的问题是边境流动人员复杂。黑龙江省主要从事对俄贸易 ,在外派劳务上存在着诸多问题。东北亚地区间的贸易正从封闭走向开放 ,但仍存在障碍     

Olanzapine‐Induced Fatal Ketoacidosis with Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema

We report a case of fatal olanzapine‐induced ketoacidosis in which pneumomediastinum (PM) and subcutaneous emphysema (SE) were detected on postmortem computed tomographic (CT) images. A man in his forties was found in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest with profuse perspiration, and 50 empty capsules of olanzapine (10 mg) and flunitrazepam (1 mg) were found in his room. The major findings of postmortem CT prior to autopsy were PM and SE from the lower half of the face to the height of the first rib. The results of autopsy, biochemical tests, and toxicological analyses indicated the cause of death to be fatal ketoacidosis induced by olanzapine intoxication. No injuries, medical interventions, or particular diseases were evident, suggesting that PM and SE were caused by ketoacidosis. Our findings indicated that toxicological analyses should be performed when PM and SE are detected on CT images.     

Severe Cardiac Rupture by Only One Blow to the Chest in a Young Boy: An Autopsy Case

Cardiac rupture by blunt chest trauma is commonly seen after motor vehicle accidents and falls; however, it is rarely caused by a blow to the chest. We herein report an autopsy case of a high school boy who sustained severe right ventricular rupture by only one knee kick to the chest during a quarrel. He was hospitalized and developed cardiopulmonary arrest. Emergency surgery was performed, but the patient died. The autopsy revealed no external severe trauma or deformation, but the side wall of the right ventricle contained a large V‐shaped laceration. The other thoracic organs had no injuries. This case illustrates that severe cardiac rupture can occur by only one blow to the chest. Blunt cardiac injuries can occur even if no severe injuries are present on the body surface. We should consider the possibility of severe cardiac injuries regardless of the presence of external injuries.