邮轮旅游民事法律关系初探

邮轮旅游在中国作为新兴产业,由于相关政策和法律制度尚不完善,在实践中容易引发各类民事纠纷.针对常见的疑难问题,以调研走访为基础,分析邮轮旅游中所涉及的三类民事法律关系,认为邮轮公司与旅客之间存在海上旅游合同关系,旅行社与邮轮公司之间就船票销售存在委托代理合同关系,旅行社还就自身提供的旅游服务同旅客之间存在旅游合同关系.在此基础上,对邮轮旅游的司法管辖、法律适用等实践问题进行具体分析,并就相关纠纷的预防与解决提出建议.     

德国法律保留原则论析

德国传统法律保留原则只具有规范行政的单面意义,是行政法律保留;而现代法律保留原则具有规范行政与立法的双面意义,既是行政法律保留,也是立法法律保留。行政法律保留是所有议会立法型的法治国家的共通要求,而立法法律保留则是德国基本法上的授权明确性条款和德国联邦宪法法院发展的重要性理论的产物,是颇具德国个性的法律制度。对于德国现代的立法法律保留,应当予以全面的观察。     

Hair as a specimen to document tetramethylene disulfotetramine exposure

Tetramethylene disulfotetramine (tetramine) is a rodenticide that has been banned for many years in China. Since 2005, inhabitants of a village in the Henan Province have been suffering from grand mal seizures. To investigate the possibility of tetramine as the cause, we developed a method to determine tetramine in human hair. Sample preparation involved external decontamination, frozen pulverization, and ultrasonication in 2 mL ethyl acetate in the presence of cocaine-d3 as an internal standard. The method exhibited good linearity; calibration curve was linear over a range of 0.1-20 ng/mg hair. The limit of detection for the assay was 0.05 ng/mg hair. Except for one subject (No. 4), all head and pubic hair samples were positive for tetramine. The concentrations of tetramine in pubic hair were significantly higher than those in the same subjects' head hair samples. Because of a long retention in body, segmental head hair analysis cannot provide an accurate exposure history of tetramine in the body.     

经济全球化背景下制度变迁与中国政府体制改革

政府在制度变迁中存在机会主义行为,为此就必须通过政府体制来限制政府的机会主义行为。在经济全球化背景下,我国的政府体制面临很大的挑战,而现在中国的政府体制还有许多不完善的地方,这就需要加强政府体制改革,本文就上述相关问题进行了阐述。     

Portable high‐resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.     

清末民国检察文书的转型与司法现代化——基于司法档案的考察

清末以降的检察制度整体而言处在不断变革和进步之中,其文书的变化尤为明显,作为官方记录反映出司法现代化的进程。在检察制度建立之初,中国传统司法审判中最重要文书之一的批词被适用为主要的检察文书以为过渡,相应的起诉文书也初现雏形;南京国民政府时期,批词转变为近代化的规范文本,起诉书、上诉书现代化成型,其格式、内容也不断适应中央层面的现代化的改革需求,在短短二三十年间经历了从传统到现代的转型。然而形式上的检察文书快速转型与实际检察运作不一致的现象也凸显出近代中国在司法现代化过程中的根本性矛盾。     

美国奉行双重防扩散标准为了啥?

反恐和防扩散是美国国家安全战略的要务.但美国防扩散的主要目的,不是维护世界的和平与安全,而是维护其自身在全球的安全利益,实现其主导世界事务的战略目标.因此,美国认为,扩散国家有"好"、"坏"之分,具体标准由美国定.美国对"好"的扩散国给予默认奖赏,对"坏"的扩散国则给予严惩.     

"东向政策"下的印度与东盟关系

印度总理曼莫汉·辛格在参加2005年12月吉隆坡首届东亚峰会之后明确表示,东亚峰会为印度的"东向政策"提供了"难得的机遇",印度将加快实施"东向政策",与东盟应尽快实现更密切更广泛的联系.近年来,由于推进"东向政策",印度与东盟关系快速发展.     

道德精神与民主政治--从徐复观思想的两极看儒家自由主义的理路

永恒的道德精神极与民主政治的经验极的确立和对两者的打通,是徐复观儒家自由主义的思想理路之所在。徐复观认为,道德精神是人在自觉中对自身生命与生活本身的肯定态度,它要求人自觉地将这种态度实现于生活及生活方式之中,以对后者发生规范和导向的作用;民主政治则是一种社会生活的根本方式,它受着道德精神的规范并将道德精神在具体的历史中实现出来。