再识“责任”与经济法

经济法责任制度是经济法理论研究的重要问题之一,也是法学界论证经济法是否为独立法律部门的重要依据.法律责任的历史发展经历了与其他社会责任分离、责任逻辑的完善、责任方式的基本定型等过程,这使得部分学者按传统法律部门作为划分标准,否认经济法责任的存在,进而否认经济法为独立法律部门.按社会活动领域和法律调整宗旨的标准划分法律部门,责任方式并非划分法律部门的绝对标准.经济法具有独特调整方法,其责任制度的精髓集中于"责权利效相统一"的原则.经济法责任不仅在不同程度上综合运用民事、行政、刑事责任方式而形成独特的责任制度,而且将责任制度前置于主体制度,增强经济责任制,形成其鲜明的调整特色.     

Characterization and haplotype analysis of 10 novel Y-STR loci in Chinese Han population

In this study, we analyzed allelic sequences of 10 novel Y-specific STR loci, DYS454, DYS510, DYS513, DYS520, DYS542, DYS544, DYS552, DYS561, DYS587 and DYS593, surveyed the distribution of haplotypes in a Chinese Han population. Extracted DNA was amplified with PCR, followed by a horizontal non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with discontinuous buffer system. Purified alleles were sequenced on DNA sequencer (ABI Model 377) to verify the number of motif repeats. The number of alleles observed at each locus ranged from 3 to 8, yielding 102 haplotypes in 103 unrelated males samples. The allele diversity values for each locus ranged from 0.2099 (DYS544) to 0.7523 (DYS552). The haplotype diversity using all these loci was 0.9998. Our study revealed that they were valuable Y-specific markers for forensic applications.