全文获取类型
收费全文 | 277篇 |
免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 23篇 |
工人农民 | 19篇 |
世界政治 | 28篇 |
外交国际关系 | 15篇 |
法律 | 107篇 |
中国政治 | 1篇 |
政治理论 | 92篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 52篇 |
2012年 | 2篇 |
2011年 | 10篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 7篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 9篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有288条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
221.
222.
In this paper we develop a model to examine the extent to which bureaucrats are maximizing their own utility. In the spirit of Williamson (1964) and Simon (1957), we assume that bureaucrats are utility maximizers but not necessarily cost minimizers and we investigate how well the bureaucrat is doing in relation to his own goals. First, we hypothesize a utility function for the bureaucrat — we assume that the bureaucrat gains utility from producing municipal services as well as from hiring additional labor and capital. Then, using the concept of money metric utility, we determine the minimum expenditure necessary to achieve the same level of utility actually observed. Secondly, we determine the bureaucrat's distance from the utility maximizing choice of resources for a given level of expenditure. Finally, using a sample of public sector bureaucrats we attempt to explain the variation in wasted expenditure across municipalities and why bureaucrats might be underutilizers of each input relative to their own utility maximizing point. 相似文献
223.
The changing role of tutorials and tutors in an age of mass higher education is sketched. The differing purposes of small group teaching are explored; small groups are shown to have a variety of academic and pastoral functions. The mechanics of tutorial organisation are explored and the range of teaching formats examined. 相似文献
224.
Klein L. B. Brewer Nathan Q. Mennicke Annelise Christensen M. Candace Baldwin-White Adrienne Cloy Cherita Wood Leila 《Journal of family violence》2021,36(7):911-921
Journal of Family Violence - Campus interpersonal violence - defined as sexual assault, sexual harassment, intimate partner violence, and stalking - is a social problem that has received widespread... 相似文献
225.
Across two studies of race and interracial families in political advertising, this article finds that significant benefits accrue to Black candidates who present themselves as part of interracial families. These findings suggest Black candidates are more likely to succeed when they engage in displays of “racial novelty,” or counter-stereotypical behavior, provided that behavior signals closer affinity to White voters. For Study 1, we tested four original advertisements for a fictitious political candidate, in which we varied only the candidate’s race and the race of his son. The Black candidate with the White son prevailed over all other combinations, with respondents finding him the most trustworthy, most qualified for office, most likely to share their values, and most likely to care about people like them. For Study 2, we tested four new original advertisements for a fictitious Black candidate, varying only the candidate’s profession and the race of his son. We find, again, that Black candidates who display non-Black children do significantly better than Black candidates who display racially homogeneous families. However, we observe much more modest benefits for a Black candidate who practices a racially novel profession. We view these results as demonstrating that Black candidates are more likely to reap the rewards of racial novelty only when they are willing to provide a personal, rather than professional, signal of their affinity for Whites. As Study 2 shows, White voters in particular are responsive to personal (rather than professional) demonstrations of racial novelty. This affirms the logic of “New Racism,” whereby Blacks are looked favorably upon if they exhibit behavior associated with Whites, but penalized otherwise. 相似文献
226.
Natalia Czado MS Bobby LaRue PhD Amanda Wheeler MS Rachel Houston PhD Amy Holmes PhD Kelly Grisedale PhD Sheree Hughes PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(2):596-607
Formalin-fixed tissues provide the medical and forensic communities with alternative and often last resort sources of DNA for identification or diagnostic purposes. The DNA in these samples can be highly degraded and chemically damaged, making downstream genotyping using short tandem repeats (STRs) challenging. Therefore, the use of alternative genetic markers, methods that pre-amplify the low amount of good quality DNA present, or methods that repair the damaged DNA template may provide more probative genetic information. This study investigated whether whole genome amplification (WGA) and DNA repair could improve STR typing of formaldehyde-damaged (FD) tissues from embalmed cadavers. Additionally, comparative genotyping success using bi-allelic markers, including INDELs and SNPs, was explored. Calculated random match probabilities (RMPs) using traditional STRs, INDEL markers, and two next generation sequencing (NGS) panels were compared across all samples. Overall, results showed that neither WGA nor DNA repair substantially improved STR success rates from formalin-fixed tissue samples. However, when DNA from FD samples was genotyped using INDEL and SNP-based panels, the RMP of each sample was markedly lower than the RMPs calculated from partial STR profiles. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that rather than attempting to improve the quantity and quality of severely damaged and degraded DNA prior to STR typing, a more productive approach may be to target smaller amplicons to provide more discriminatory DNA identifications. Furthermore, an NGS panel with less loci may yield better results when examining FD samples, due to more optimized chemistries that result in greater allelic balance and amplicon coverage. 相似文献
227.
Field experiments are notoriously difficult to implement when studying media effects. They are often prohibitively expensive, require the cooperation of a nonacademic entity, and measure effects some time after exposure to treatment. In this article, we outline a design for low-cost, multiwave field experiments of media effects. Researchers can implement this design on their own and can control the timing of when they measure effects. We demonstrate the feasibility of the design with an application to the study of presidential debates. 相似文献
228.
229.
Public Choice - Are the methods of causal inference and, in particular, randomized controlled trials, compatible with the study of political history? While many important questions regarding... 相似文献
230.
England's National Health Service, the fifth largest employer in the world, has become heavily influenced by expert authority and the market economy, which has had implications for accountability and the receptiveness of health decisions to stakeholder needs. One response has been the introduction of a range of regulatory provisions designed to facilitate effective governance and stakeholder engagement. These provisions are scrutinized using three conceptual devices: core accountability, social reporting and social learning. These devices have significant implications, as they enable technical experts to form closed communities, communicate among themselves mainly about economic and financial matters, and make decisions that aid the market without meaningful recourse to citizens. While technical experts are necessary to help manage complex areas, current arrangements reinforce an existing gap between economic and democratic values through hardened technocratic approaches to health care governance. 相似文献