Assessing the regulatory challenges of emerging disruptive technologies

The past decade has witnessed the emergence of many technologies that have the potential to fundamentally alter our economic, social, and indeed personal lives. The problems they pose are in many ways unprecedented, posing serious challenges for policymakers. How should governments respond to the challenges given that the technologies are still evolving with unclear trajectories? Are there general principles that can be developed to design governance arrangements for these technologies? These are questions confronting policymakers around the world and it is the objective of this special issue to offer insights into answering them both in general and with respect to specific emerging disruptive technologies. Our objectives are to help better understand the regulatory challenges posed by disruptive technologies and to develop generalizable propositions for governments' responses to them.     

La capacité d'analyse des politiques au gouvernement du Québec : Résultats du sondage auprès de fonctionnaires québécois

Abstract: This research note complements the work of Howlett et al. on the capacity of Canadian governments for public policy‐making. The new public management wave was driven by the notion of a need for improved service delivery to the population. A number of authors, including Metcalfe, pointed out that the government was then neglecting management in favour of “policy advice.” It was fashionable to show interest in policy but not in management. After decades spent seeking greater efficiency, have we gone too far in the other direction? Do governments have the capacity to develop public policy? Have those responsible for developing public policy received the training they require? This research note addresses the Quebec portion of the Canada‐wide survey on the capacity for public policy‐making. It complements the analysis by presenting the results of the survey conducted among public servants in Quebec. We placed particular emphasis on university education and the retraining of the public servants who work on developing and formulating public policy.     

General

The Arab Awakening. By George Antonius. 8¾” × 5?”. Pp. 472. Five maps. Hamish Hamilton. 1938. 15s.

Freedom of conscience in the new near east. Some Aspects of Religious Liberty of Nationals in the Near East. A Collection of Documents. By Helen Clarkson Davis. Pp. xviii + 182 and two maps. New York and London: Harper and Brothers. 1938.

Palestine of the Crusades. A Map of the Country on scale 1: 350,000, with Historical Introduction and Gazetteer. Jerusalem : Survey of Palestine. Price 5s.     

Second Best Governance? Governments and Governance in the Imperfect World of Health Care Delivery in China,India and Thailand in Comparative Perspective

Abstract

The objective of the paper is to assess the usefulness of conceptions of different modes of governance for understanding policy outcomes by studying the experience with hierarchical and non-hierarchical governance modes in the health care sector in China, India, and Thailand. The paper shows their experience with non-hierarchical modes to have been largely disappointing and that all three, but especially Thailand, are in the process of reverting to a more hierarchical mode of service delivery. The conclusion from this study is that non-hierarchical governance is not a substitute for or an improvement upon hierarchical governance in health care due to the many market and government failures that afflict the sector and affect the ability of different governance modes to function effectively. The hierarchical mode of government is also imperfect but less so than the alternatives in delivering health care.     

Why and how does the regulation of emerging technologies occur? Explaining the adoption of the EU General Data Protection Regulation using the multiple streams framework

Why and how the regulation of emerging technologies occurs is not clear in the literature. In this study, we adapt the multiple streams framework – often used for explaining agenda-setting and policy adoption – to examine the phenomenon. We hypothesize how technological change affects policy-making and identify conditions under which the streams can be (de-)coupled. We trace the formulation of the General Data Protection Regulation to show that the regulation occupied the legislative agenda when a policy window was exploited through policy entrepreneurship to frame technological change as a problem for data privacy and legislative harmonization within the European Union. Although constituencies interested in promoting internet technologies made every effort to stall the regulation, various actors, activities, and events helped the streams remain coupled, eventually leading to its adoption. We conclude that the alignment of problem, policy, politics, and technology – through policy entrepreneurship – influences the timing and design of technology regulation.     

Administrative styles and the Iimits of administrative reform: A neo‐institutional analysis of administrative cuIture

Abstract: Students of organizational behaviour have always been concerned with understanding the manner in which complex organizations ‐ including systems of public administration ‐ tend to create distinctive organizational cultures and the impact these cultures have on their activities and outputs, including their prospects for reform. Recently, neo‐institutional accounts of social and political life have provided a new entry point to the analysis of administrative cultures and administrative reform. For neo‐institutionalists, the institutional structure of an organization creates a distinct pattern of constraints and incentives for state and societal actors that define and structure actors' interests and channel their behaviour. The interaction of these actors generates a particular administrative logic and process, or “culture.” However, since institutional structures vary, a neo‐institutional perspective suggests that there will be many different kinds of relatively long‐lasting patterns of administrative behaviour, each pattern being defined by the particular set of formal and informal institutions, rules, norms, traditions and values, and many different factors affecting the construction and deconstruction of each pattern. Following this neo‐institutional logic, this article develops a multilevel, “nested” model of administrative styles and applies it to patterns of convergence and divergence in administrative reform in many jurisdictions over the past several decades. Sommaire: Les étudiants en comportement organisationnel ont toujours été soucieux de comprendre la manière dont les organismes complexes ‐ y compris les systèmes d'administration publique ‐ ont tendance à créer des cultures organisationnelles par‐ticulières et l'impact qu'ont ces cultures sur leurs activités et résultats, y compris leurs perspectives de réformes. Récemment, les comptes rendus néo‐institutionnels de la vie sociale et politique ont foumi une nouvelle ouverture à l'analyse des cultures et de la réforme administratives. Pour les néo‐institutionnalistes, la structure institutionnelle d'un organisme crée un modèle distinct de contraintes et d'encoura‐gements pour les acteurs de la société et de 1'État qui définissent et structurent les interéts des acteurs et canalisent leur comportement. Linteraction de ces acteurs génère une logique et un processus administratifs particuliers, que l'on appelle °Culture.Cependant, comme les structures institutionnelles varient, une perspective néo‐institutionnelle laisse entendre qu'il y aura de nombreuses sortes de modèles de comportement administratif relativement durables: chaque modèle est défini par I'ensemble particulier d'institutions, de règles, de normes, de traditions et de valeurs formelles et informelles qui le composent, ainsi que de nombreux dif‐férents facteurs influant sur la construction et la déconstruction de chaque modèle. En suivant cette logique néo‐institutionnelle, le présent article élabore un modèle de styles administratifs à diffbrents niveaux et I'applique aux modéles de convergence et de divergence en réforme administrative dans de nombreuses juridictions au cours des demiéres décennies.     

Who coupled which stream(s)? Policy entrepreneurship and innovation in the energy–water nexus in Gujarat,India

Although policy entrepreneurship is essential for fostering policy innovations to achieve sustainable development, the literature has conflated different types of entrepreneurship and disaggregated it using inconsistent terminology. We conceptualize entrepreneurship using a six-stream variant of the multiple streams framework (MSF)—which addresses key limitations of the original MSF—to examine entrepreneurial activities in the case of the Jyotigram Yojana, a widely recognized policy innovation for managing the energy–water nexus in Gujarat, India. We find that whereas policy and political entrepreneurship no doubt played a significant role in coupling the streams and fostering this policy innovation, the process broker, program champion, and technology innovator were also important in policy formulation, implementation, and “success.” We conclude that the six-stream variant of MSF is useful for identifying and distinguishing various types of entrepreneurship involved in policy innovation for sustainability.     

Policy-making and truthiness: Can existing policy models cope with politicized evidence and willful ignorance in a “post-fact” world?

Policy Sciences - From “alternative facts” to “fake news,” in recent years the influence of misinformation on political life has become amplified in unprecedented ways...