An Examination of the Relationship Between Media Exposure and Fear of Victimization: Implications of the Superpredator Narrative on Juvenile Justice Policies

The media allow crime to infiltrate the public’s consciousness in every conceivable way, thereby playing a major role in shaping the public’s opinion and attitude toward crime and crime issues (Barak, 1995; Fields & Jerin, 1996; Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Reporters constantly talk about crime, and crime related stories dominate the headlines of local and national newspaper outlets (Dowler, 2003; Pizarro et al, 2007). Some of the most highly rated television programs are based on crime plots and people across social, political, and racial demographics are constantly engaged in crime dialogue generated from local or national news stories. When the focus of these mediums is on youth they become even more profound and contentious. The images portrayed conjure up stereotypes that lead to fear and inflammatory remarks that become entrenched into the national lexicon. The current study uses data from the National Opinion Survey of Crime and Justice to test the relationship between crime-related media viewership and fear of victimization within a nationally representative adult sample. Approximately 42.67% of respondents reported regularly watching crime shows and about the same proportion (42.83%) believed their local media paid too much attention to violent crime. In addition to regular crime-show viewership, confidence in the police, gender, and recent contact with the police were associated with fear of victimization. This article adds to an existing body of research through a largely unexplored area in the administration of justice. It does so within the context of the U.S. juvenile justice system.     

MI Implementation in Juvenile Justice: A Case Report

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a communication style focused on enhancing clients’ own motivation towards change. In the justice system MI has evidence to support that it enhances communication and change behaviors in youth. As most MI training is designed for healthcare settings training and implementation of MI must be adapted to fit the juvenile justice model. This includes both rehabilitation and restorative justice. Here we describe the details that allowed one county small county in Pennsylvania to roll out MI training and initial skills review in less than 6 months. The case reviews the details of planning, trainings, and timing of activities. We then discuss what elements of those details fit into a greater implementation plan that may be applied elsewhere. Four key elements were instrumental to implementation: 1) appreciation of JPO time constraints, 2) cost containment 3) using blending to enhance JPO flexibility with MI use, and 4) policies that normalize use of MI. This outline may assist other courts in their own implementation efforts.     

文化与民族

改革开放以来，在冷战结束后形成的经济一体、政治多极、文化多元这一世界格局的国际背景下，中西文化交流日趋频繁、密切。“文化”一词以一种新的姿态在中国大地兴起，备受关注，很快形成了一股具有普时性及普世性的热潮，对社会的变化和发展起着越来越大的重要作用，即便对于长期处于边远封闭半封闭的民族及民族地区，也无一例外地有着广泛而深刻的影响。文化与民族的关系密不可分，文化与民族的走势如何？亟需引起高度的重视与度量。     

反腐败必须加强民主监督

在反腐败斗争中加强民主监督,关系着反腐败斗争的成败。统战工作要高度重视民主监督,完善民主监督机制,充分发挥民主监督的作用,才能有效地预防和治理腐败,确保反腐败斗争的胜利。     

民族调查应与时俱进

本文从民族学研究的基本方法———民族调查的分析入手 ,结合“六山六水”民族调查2 0年的不断深入的具体情况 ,认为民族调查必须与时俱进。对进一步搞好民族调查提出了五点思考意见。     

Factors Associated with Physician Discussion of Health Behaviors with Adolescents

Behaviors developed in adolescence influence health later in life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of health care provider's discussion of health behaviors with overweight and non-overweight adolescents and identify demographic and health behaviors related to exercise, hours of television viewing, and weight issues associated with these discussions. A Cross sectional survey of urban adolescents was conducted. Trained interviewers administered surveys over a three month period in 2001 at an urban academic pediatric and adolescent clinic. The 252 adolescents surveyed had a mean age of 15 with 49% categorized as being at risk for overweight/overweight and 51% as normal weight using the CDC percentiles for BMI. While 16% of the adolescents reported that their physician or nurse discussed the amount of television they watched, rates of discussion related to exercise (58%), and weight (54%) were much higher. In multivariate analyses, health care provider discussions with adolescents regarding exercise were more common for overweight (O.R.=2.42, 95% C.I. [1.28–4.57]) and at risk for overweight (O.R.=1.98, 95% C.I. [1.03–3.81]) adolescents, whereas physician discussion of television viewing was not associated with weight. Discussions of weight were more common for female (O.R.=2.18, 95% C.I. [1.21–3.95]), African-American (O.R.=2.53, 95% C.I. [1.40–4.57]), and overweight (O.R.=3.92, 95% C.I. [1.97–7.81]) adolescents. Even after adjusting for weight, race and gender strongly influenced the frequency of discussions about weight in physician offices. Although health care providers frequently address weight and exercise with adolescents, more discussions related to sedentary behaviors such as television viewing may be warranted to address adolescent obesity.Received PhD in Epidemiology from University of California, San Diego. Research interests include smoking prevention and cessation among adolescents and health promotion interventions.Received MD from University of Missouri-Kansas City and MPH from Johns Hopkins University. Research interests include health services research and research in support of measurable, systematic improvements in the quality of medical care.Received medical degree from Christian Medical College, Punjab, India and Master of Public Health from University of Kansas School of Medicine. Research interests include diet and physical activity behaviors, role of the environment in obesity and obesity prevention, especially among children and adolescents.Received MBBS from Allama Iqbal Medical College, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan and MPH from University of Kansas Medical Center. Research interests include smoking cessation, database design, implementation, data management and analysis, and use of information technology in health care settings.Director, Cancer Prevention, Control, and Population Sciences, Kansas Cancer Institute. Received MD/MPH from Tulane University and MS from Harvard School of Public Health. Research interests include disparities in healthcare; smoking cessation among underserved populations, specifically African Americans; diet, nutrition, obesity, and physical activity.     

鸡场库蠓种群组成及活动规律调查

调查了广东省和福建省３ 个市的６ 个鸡场库蠓（ Ｃｕｌｉｃｏｉｄｓ） 的种类、库蠓活动的季节动态及荒川库蠓（ Ｃ．ａｒａｋａｗ ａｉ） 的夜间活动规律。共采集了２５７４ 只库蠓，经鉴定共有６ 个种，即荒川库蠓、尖喙库蠓（ Ｃ．ｓｃｈｕｌｔｚｅｉ） 、奄美库蠓（ Ｃ．ａｍ ａｍｉｅｎｓｉｓ） 、大熊库蠓（ Ｃ．ｏｋｕｍｅｎｓｉｓ） 、端斑库蠓（ Ｃ．ｅｒａｉｒａｉ） 和有须库蠓（ Ｃ．ｐａｌｐｉｆｅｒ） 。其中荒川库蠓和尖喙库蠓为所调查鸡场的优势蠓种，分别占总数的５３ ．７０ ％ 和４５ ．９２ ％ 。３ ～１１ 月是荒川库蠓和尖喙库蠓的活动季节，它们的活动高峰期分别是３ ～６ 月和７ ～９ 月。荒川库蠓７ 月份整夜都活动，并在１９∶００ ～２１∶００ 和０３∶００ ～０５∶００ 呈现２ 个活动高峰。     

构建覆盖城乡社会保障体系的现实条件分析

我国现行的社会保障体系适应社会主义市场经济的要求,在深化改革、保障人民生活和促进社会稳定等方面都发挥了重要作用,但同时也产生了诸多问题,构建覆盖城乡的社会保障体系将是我国社会保障事业发展的必然选择.对于如何构建覆盖城乡的社保体系,学者们有不同的看法.本文以学者观点为体系构建模式,从主观和客观角度分析制约条件,以期为政府克服困难,尽早实现目标提供一些建议.     

北美投资移民立法之启迪

各国制定移民法的宗旨为：通过立法对移民的规模、构成、素质以及经济能力进行调控，以达到为本国政治、经济和安全各项利益服务的目的。因此，各国移民法的共同特点是在体现迁徙自由和人道主义的国际法原则下，以最低成本吸引他国专业技术人才和资本，从而促进本国社会和经济的发展。其中，近年以美国、加拿大及其魁北克省为代表的投资移民立法就是这种趋势的典型反映。因此，笔者拟就北美国家关于投资移民的立法进行比较评析，同时研讨中国关于投资移民立法的前景。