程序法与实体法关系考辨——兼论程序优先理论

程序法与实体法的关系可以从两个方面来理解 :一方面 ,程序法对实体法的实施起着保障作用。这是程序法对于实体法的工具性价值。但是 ,不容忽视的是 ,另一方面程序法相对于实体法也具有某种独立性 ,程序法同时也具有自身的独立性价值。由于实体公正的不确定性以及程序公正的相对确定性 ,在程序公正与实体公正发生冲突的情况下 ,应当坚持程序公正优先。     

刍议我国的行政性垄断问题

行政性垄断是我国在由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转变过程中产生的一种特有的经济现象,表现为,政府及其所属部门、经法律法规授权而具有行政管理权的企事业单位滥用行政权力不当地干预市场活动的行为,分为地区垄断和行业垄断.行政性垄断危害极大,我国应从法律和制度上对其危害性加以防范,以促进社会主义市场经济体制的形成和正常运作.     

IT职业技术培训课程的教学策略分析与应用

传统的教学策略对学习者实际应用能力和自我学习能力的培养重视不足,对实践的认识及其地位的认识无法适应IT职业技术培训课程注重应用和更新迅速的特点.本文针对各类IT职业技术培训课程的共同特点,通过对比传统的教学模式,分析了该类课程的教学策略以及策略的应用.通过在课程中对这些策略进行应用,可以有效地加强学习的效果,并使学生易于将所学知识有效地运用于工程实践.     

邓小平与民休养生息思想与中国的农村改革

20世纪80年代如火如荼的中国改革是从农村开始的.农村、农业和农民问题是中国革命和建设的根本问题.繁荣农村、发展农业、富裕农民,是中国共产党农村政策的根本出发点.为此,冲破各种错误思想的束缚,放宽农村政策,与民休养生息,对于调动广大农民的生产积极性至关重要.改革开放过程中,农村实行的一系列改革,正是从纠正对农村、农业和农民问题的片面认识,放宽农业政策,给农村放权,给农民松绑开始的,从而极大地激发了农民的生产积极性和劳动创造力.     

论胡锦涛“8·22讲话“对我党执政能力建设的主要贡献

胡锦涛同志在邓小平诞辰 10 0周年纪念大会上的讲话 ,强调以党的执政能力建设为重点推进党的建设新的伟大工程 ,指明了加强执政能力建设的主要努力方向 ,提出了建立和完善中国特色执政理论的重要任务并指明了方向。这些论述对指导我党加强执政能力建设具有重要意义。     

加入WTO对我国高等教育基本政策的影响及其对策

20 0 1年 1 2月 1 1日 ,我国将以一个发展中国家的身份 ,正式加入世界贸易组织。这将对我国经济和社会发展产生广泛而深刻的影响。对正在走向学习化、信息化、知识化社会的我国高等教育来说 ,必然会从经济、政治、科技、文化等方面产生“折射”作用。WTO规定的教育条款更会对我     

斯里兰卡《儿童与少年法令》(续)

<正> 第三十三条(对儿童或少年关于略式程序的杂则)以略式程序处分有关儿童与少年,或根据成文法有关人员被认定有罪时,不使用"有罪决定"和"判决"的用语。有罪决定或判决,在儿童或少年的场合,应解释为在案情的性质方面,因犯罪而被宣判的有罪者,它应包括有罪决定或根据该决定而提出的命令。     

Work,fertility, and the status of women in Mexico

Among the major transformations affecting Mexican women in recent decades were their growing participation in the labor market and the fertility decline that began in the 1970s with widespread access to contraception. Data from 3 major Mexican fertility surveys, employment surveys, and censuses are used to analyze changes in female employment and their determinants during the years of economic recession in the 1980s. The main characteristics of the Mexican fertility decline are described, and the relationship between fertility and female employment before and during the economic recession is scrutinized for different social sectors. Suggestions for research on the affects of these changes on the social condition of Mexican women are then presented. The proportions of Mexican women over 12 years old who declared themselves economically active increased from 16% in 1970 to 21% in 1979 and 32% in 1987. Until the 1970s the majority of employed women were young and single or childless. But a clear increase occurred between 1976-87 in the economic participation of older women in union. Economic participation of low income and less educated women increased as they sought work or created their own in response to deteriorating living conditions during the recession. Young women with intermediate or higher educational levels did not increase their relative presence in the labor market in the same period. The marked increase in economic participation of less educated women in union with small children was accompanied by a significant increase in manual occupations. Between 1982-87, the proportion of women aged 20-49 in nonsalaried manual occupations rose from 7.6% to 18.5%. Mexico's fertility decline has been well documented. The total fertility rate declined from 6.3 in 1973 to 3.8 in 1986, while the percentage of women in union using a contraceptive method increased from 30.2 in 1976 to 52.7 in 1987. Fertility differentials have been declining but are still considerable. The inhibitory influence of children on female labor force participation in Mexico is clear, but in the years of economic recession the most notable increase in female workers was in women with 3 or more children of whom the youngest was under 3. It appears that the influence of children on women's employment depends on the socioeconomic status of the woman as well as on the dynamism or sluggishness of the labor market. Research is needed on the significance of changes in fertility and female employment for women's status in Mexico. Several recent works have presented results of microsocial analyses of the ways in which women experience changes in their lives resulting from fertility and employment decisions. A methodological strategy for studying these changes and their influence on women's status should focus on comparisons between different generations and birth cohorts, different types of employment, and different socioeconomic statuses. Both macrosocial and microsocial forms of analysis are needed to provide a full picture.     

浅析模糊限制语在政治访谈中的表现形式

模糊限制语(hedge)是指一些“把事物弄得模模糊糊的词语”。这些词语就话语的真实程度或涉及范围,对话语的内容进行修正或限定,表明说话人的态度、主观认识与评价。英语中存在着大量模糊限制语。模糊限制语不仅是说话者保持面子的一种策略,而且在政治访谈中更是一种目标。