Trajectory Reconstruction Through Analysis of Trace Evidence in Bullet–Intermediate Target Interaction by SEM/EDX

Abstract:  A young male was shot to death by a police officer with a Chinese Type 64 7.62 mm pistol when he was dealing with an aggravated assault arising from a traffic accident. By using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), trace deposits on the discharged bullet and the intermediate target, i.e., a concrete telegraph pole at the scene, were identified to be from each other. The result demonstrated the bullet causing the death ricocheted from the concrete telegraph pole before striking the victim, thus indicating the incident was accidental. The case report illustrates the evidential value of trace materials derived, respectively, from discharged bullets and intermediate targets in bullet–intermediate target interaction for trajectory reconstruction. In addition, it indicates that the SEM/EDX method with its nondestructive nature, compared to other methods, may be more helpful in certain situations in determining the origins of trace evidentially valuable deposits on substrates.     

Alternative sanctions for drug users: fruitless efforts or miracle solution?

In most Western European countries, including Belgium, judicial alternative sanctions are increasingly being used for drug users. Because no study into the effectiveness of Belgian judicial alternatives for drug users has yet been carried out, this became the objective of the current research. The design of this study comprises a pre and post measurement of the criminal activity, drug use and situation in different spheres of life of 565 drug-dependent offenders. Two conclusions can be drawn. First, after an alternative sanction or measure is imposed, there is a reduction in the criminal activity of the offender. Second, this crime reduction goes hand in hand with a progress in several relevant life spheres.     

强制责任保险研究

本文分析了强制责任保险在当代社会产生的法理依据,探讨了强制责任保险"异质性"特点及其价值功能,对大陆法系和普通法系国家和地区的有关立法例进行了比较,检讨了我国强制责任保险的立法与实践,并对完善我国强制责任保险制度提出建议。     

法治社会与和谐社会相互融合的路径探析

和谐社会需要良好的法治环境,构建法治社会就是构建和谐社会,正确把握法治社会与和谐社会融为一体的路径是构建法治社会与和谐社会的关键所在.路径之一,法治必须服务于和谐社会,要力行依法执政、推进依法行政、实现社会公正、改革司法制度、转变法律观念、应对突发事件、保护弱势群体;路径之二,建设法治政府,为构建和谐社会提供必要条件;路径之三,发挥创新法治环境的重要作用, "实行公正司法、共性个性融合、畅通法律渠道";路径之四,营造西部农村法治环境,做到"三个创造"、 "三个到住"、 "三个加快".     

论开发区管理委员会的法律地位

开发区管理委员会作为地方政府的派出机关．在管理开发区的过程中发挥了重要作用．但在实际运作过程中,由于其法律地位不明确,阻碍了开发区更好＼更快的发展。因此。我们应该积极推进相关立法．进一步明确管委会的法律地位和行政性质,明确开发区的机构设置、管理职能和人员编制等,以保证开发区经济引擎作用的发挥。     

科学发展观与完善中国特色社会主义法律体系

科学发展观,是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针,是发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重大战略思想。在完善中国特色社会主义法律体系的过程中贯彻落实科学发展观,既是完善中国特色社会主义法律体系的客观需要和必然选择,也是确保到2010年形成中国特色社会主义法律体系的根本保证。     

论受审能力的恢复

受审能力评定越来越引起重视的情况下,对于无受审能力者,受审能力的恢复也是一项值得大家关注的问题,受审能力恢复的培训程序包括相关精神障碍治疗、法律知识培训、综合住院治疗;而个别程序的专门培训可能是受审能力最大程度恢复的必要措施。受审能力恢复评定的标准更多的参照于经典的Bennett标准。虽然有关受审能力恢复的研究还存在一些挑战,但为我国相关受审能力恢复的研究指明了道路,提供了很好的参考依据和措施。     

Observation of tri-allelic patterns in autosomal STRs during routine casework

We report three cases of tri-allelic patterns observed during routine forensic casework on 5964 Belgian residents. These individuals had been typed for the following 15 autosomal STRs: CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, vWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, D2S1338 and D19S433.The first example of a tri-allelic pattern had the genotype 13;15;16 for the D8S1179 locus. In the second observation there was 16;21;22 pattern for the D18S51 locus. The third case had the alleles 10;11;13 also for D18S51.All cases belonged to the Type I tri-allelic pattern, with three uneven peaks, the sum of the heights of both smaller peaks equalling the height of the tallest peak.Three cases in 5964 typed individuals is a frequency for tri-allelic patterns in autosomal STRs of 0.05%.     

论网络赌博犯罪案件的侦查模式

由于网络赌博具有组织体系严密、技术含量高、涉赌行为手法隐蔽、调查取证难等诸多特征,所以公安机关应针对网络赌博活动的一般特征及不同类型的网络赌博活动,采取切实可行的网络赌博犯罪案件侦查模式,包括：树立侦查办案中的战略意识,实现公安机关内部警力资源的综合运用,科学把握抓捕时机,确保一网打尽,依法勘查网络赌博活动案件现场,及时固定电子证据,启用分组取证模式,及时与检察院、法院沟通,形成打击网络赌博的合力等。     

试论宪法权利的刑法保障——原理、功能和经验

我国对宪法权利的保障主要采用了间接保障的模式。在这一以民事法、刑事法和行政法三大部门法为主要构架的模式中,刑法作为法律保障的最后一道屏障,无疑具有举足轻重的作用。然而,当今学界对这一问题的关注却极为有限。事实上,可以从原理、功能和经验三个方面着手,对宪法权利的刑法保障问题进行全面并深刻的理论剖析,进而与客观实践相互为用,促成我国宪法权利的间接保障模式(尤其是宪法权利的刑法保障)的进一步发展和完善。