当前形势下打造学习型公安机关的新思路

在当前的新形势下,创建学习型公安机关越显必要,打造学习型公安机关的新思路可以加强“三个学习”(加强政治理论学习、加强法制法规学习、加强公安业务学习)和加深“三方面研究”(加深研究公安机关面临的新形势、加深研究公安机关面临的新形势、加深研究公安工作面临的新任务)。     

日本公明党与中日邦交正常化

中日邦交正常化的政治过程,是一个显示日本对外政策与国内政治相互关系的典型事例。在这一过程中,包括公明党在内的日本各在野党发挥了非常重要的独特的“补充外交”作用。特别是公明党领导人竹入义胜等非政府人士的访华,为日本政府摸清中方意图、沟通两国领导人之间的看法、形成复交文件等发挥了极为重要的作用。当然,中国政府也充分认识到日本在野党在日本政治生活中的重要作用,并积极开展对日本在野党的工作,从而推动日本执政党转变对华政策。     

毛泽东与第二次郑州会议

第二次郑州会议是毛泽东为纠正人民公社化运动中出现的"左"倾错误而召开的一次重要会议.这次会议的重要成果,是针对农村中出现的"共产风"和瞒产私分问题提出了整顿和建设人民公社的十四句话方针.在这次会议中,毛泽东站在纠"左"的前列,提出在人民公社实行生产队的基本所有制,从而放慢了人民公社"一大二公"的步伐,调动并提高了农民的生产积极性.他强调领导干部要多谋善断,特别要注意听取不同的意见,尽可能地不犯或少犯错误.由于历史条件和认识上的局限,这次会议没有能够从根本上解决人民公社问题,以毛泽东为首的中共中央在纠"左"方面还需要经历艰难的探索过程.     

关于采暖补贴改革政策的思考

目前,全国供热体制改革正在北方地区全面展开.其改革的核心是要推进供热收费制度改革,其主要任务是将原来单位用于职工采暖费用支出以"明补"的形式补贴给职工,由职工个人直接向供热单位缴纳采暖费,实现采暖补贴的"暗补"变"明补",建立新的供热收费体制;同时,要求在新的供热收费体制下,切实保障低收入等特殊群体的冬季采暖,并指出这是供热收费制度改革成败的关键.     

波兰供热改革及其对北京市的启示

始于20世纪90年代的波兰供热改革和我国北方地区正在进行的供热体制改革具有相似性.首先,所处的经济背景相似.     

Postmortem chest computed tomography for the diagnosis of drowning:a feasibility study

It may be difficult to distinguish the cause of death in drowning cases without specific findings. The aim of this study was to explore the forensic value of thoracic postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) using routine images and three-dimensional (3D) image reconstructions. The imaging data of PMCT examinations of six drowning cadavers, aged 21–54 years, were analyzed. Twelve victims of sudden death from coronary artery disease (CAD) were chosen as a control group. After 3D bilateral lung images were reconstructed using image processing software, an interactive medical image control system was used to measure and analyze parameters including lung volume, lung volume ratio, mean CT value of the whole lung, and lung CT value distribution curves. Lung volume and lung volume ratio were used to assess the shape changes of the lung. Lung CT value distribution curves showed the corresponding number of pixels of the different CT values in the lung image. Lung volume was not significantly larger in drowning cases (mean 2 958 cm³) than in controls (mean 2 342 cm³). Lung volume ratio values in the drowning group (mean 0.3156) were greater than those in the control group (mean 0.2763); (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the drowning and control group in the mean CT value of the whole lung. There were differences between lung CT value distribution curves in drowning victims and controls, with drowning victims showing a single peak and CAD cases showing a bimodal distribution. Thoracic PMCT is helpful for the forensic medical diagnosis of drowning. Lung volume ratio and lung CT value distribution are potential indicators to distinguish between drowning and CAD.     

建构非对称竞争优势的尝试:俄罗斯人工智能治理体系的结构与逻辑解析

俄罗斯人工智能治理体系的外在形态是“一体两翼”式的政策网络,以《2030年前俄罗斯联邦国家人工智能发展战略》作为基本战略构想,以数字经济框架内的人工智能“路线图”和人工智能联邦项目建构发展议程,以《2024年前俄罗斯人工智能和机器人技术领域监管发展构想》为核心确立监管议程。而俄罗斯人工智能治理体系的实体结构则表现为在联邦政府统一领导下的二元平行系统运作模式,由国防部担任操盘手的军事人工智能板块已经建立了完整的闭环系统,而以俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行为主要操盘手的民用人工智能板块的运行机制仍有待进一步完善。特殊的治理体系源于俄罗斯人工智能战略的底层逻辑,是俄罗斯政府面对战略目标与现实困境巨大鸿沟所做出的现实抉择,这种剑走偏锋的设计虽然取得了部分短期成果,但并未实际解决制约俄罗斯人工智能发展的关键问题,能否走出一条人工智能发展的“俄罗斯道路”仍有待观察。     

先占的历史考察与制度功能--兼论我国《物权法》中先占制度的确立

先占作为取得财产的一种方式,早在人类处于狩猎、采集时代就已存在.先占在我国有着悠久的历史,历代法律都承认先占取得.但自新中国成立以来,先占制度在我国民事立法上未明确规定.先占制度具有稳定现实占有关系、维护社会秩序、有效利用资源等功能.我国有必要在<物权法>中确立先占制度.     

国际秩序与中美战略竞争

当今国际格局的最显著变化,就是新兴市场国家和发展中国家的群体性崛起以及中国与世界主要国家间力量对比的变化。就中美当前的实力地位和国际影响力而言,中美战略竞争中短期内还难以决定性地改变当前的国际秩序。中国即便对美国的贸易霸凌主义和在亚太地区的霸权主义军事及安全行动采取斗争的回应方式,也并不意味着两国无法合作、或中美关系已进入国际秩序变革的主导权之争。中美战略竞争的同时,经贸往来和必要的合作仍会发展。中美战略竞争会影响权力、观念和行为方式的调整变化,其走势将在相当程度上影响国际秩序的稳定和变革。但未来国际秩序的变革并非只取决于中美,世界主要国家间的互动关系和战略选择,将决定性地影响中美战略竞争的走势和未来国际秩序的演变进程。     

Fatal Methemoglobinemia Due to Acute Inhalation of Methyl Nitrite in an Industrial Accident

Methyl nitrite is suggested to cause methemoglobinemia by generating methemoglobin, which may be lethal when the methemoglobin concentration exceeds 70%. However, intoxication with methyl nitrite is seldom reported compared with that with other nitrites. Here, we present an industrial accident involving methyl nitrite inhalation during its synthesis process that resulted in three fatalities and one survivor. The autopsy revealed conspicuous blue-gray discoloration in various parts of the body, including the skin, airway mucosa, vessels, brain, heart, and among other areas. The toxicological tests on the deceased showed methemoglobin concentrations in the blood over the lethal level and increased nitrite ion levels in the blood, gastric contents, liver, and lung tissue compared with those in control samples. The cause of death was determined to be methemoglobinemia-induced hypoxia due to methyl nitrite inhalation. This report provides evidence that in methyl nitrite intoxication, exposure duration has a significant influence on the postmortem changes and likelihood of a fatal outcome may be related to the age of the victim. More attention is required regarding the industrial hazards of this substance.