Parenting Stress,Parenting Behavior,and Children’s Adjustment in Families Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence

Children exposed to intimate partner violence are known to experience a number of negative outcomes, including behavioral and emotional problems; however, possible mechanisms accounting for this relationship are unclear. There is considerable evidence that parenting stress has a direct effect on child adjustment problems and on parenting behaviors; parenting behaviors, in turn, have been repeatedly shown to be related to child outcomes. The hypothesis that parenting mediates the relationship between parenting stress and child behavioral and emotional problems according to Abidin’s (Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21:407–412, 1992) model was tested in a sample of 190 battered women and their 4-to12-year-old children. No support for mediation was found for either mother- or child-reported outcomes. Parenting stress had a strong direct effect on child behavioral and emotional problems. These findings have implications for the viability of Abidin’s model, as well as for interventions with battered women that address parenting stress. The authors would like to thank the women, children, and staff at the shelters for battered women who participated in this study.     

Irish newspaper coverage of NGOs,legitimacy and accountability: what relevance for NGOs?

Based on a quantitative content analysis of Irish Times newspaper articles, this study investigates how Irish relief and development NGOs were linked with the concepts of legitimacy and accountability in newspaper coverage between 1994 and 2009. Key findings included that NGO accountability received more coverage than NGO legitimacy, and “principal-agent” approaches to NGO accountability received more coverage than “stakeholder” approaches. Employing the media theories of agenda-setting and priming, one can infer that Irish Times readers might be more likely to evaluate Irish NGOs in terms of accountability than legitimacy and to consider NGO accountability in principal-agent rather than stakeholder terms.     

The campaign in and evacuation of Burma

A History of the Crusades. Vol. III. By Steven Runciman. Cambridge University Press. 1954. Pp. 530; 15 plates, 5 maps and genealogical table. 35s.

The Persian Gulf. By Sir Arnold T. Wilson, with a foreword by the Rt. Hon. L. S. Amery. George Allen and Unwin. London. 1954. Pp. x + 313. 25s.

The Men who Ruled India (the Guardians). By Philip Woodruff. London: Jonathan Cape. Pp. 385, including bibliographical and source notes, appendices, index, 5 maps and 8 illustrations. 8½” × 5½”. 25s.

Within the Taurus. A Journey in Asiatic Turkey. By Lord Kinross. London: John Murray. Pp. 182; 21 illustrations and sketch‐map. 18s.

In the Shadow of the Mahatma. By G. D. Birla. Longmans, Green. Pp. 331. 10s. 6d.

World Without Mercy. The Story of the Sahara. By René Lecler. London: Werner Laurie. 1954. Pp. 223; 13 illustrations, sketch‐map, bibliography. 15s.

The Middle East. Royal Institute of International Affairs. London. 1954. 2nd Edition. Pp. 590 + xviii; 2 maps, bibliography. 35s.

Middle East Dilemmas. By J. C. Hurewitz. New York: Harper Brothers. 1953. Pp. 273 + viii; endpaper map.

The Arab World. By N. Izzedin. Chicago: H. Regnery Company. 1953. Pp. 412 + xii; 19 illustrations. $6.50.

Call to Greatness. By Adlai E. Stevenson. London: Rupert Hart‐Davis. 1954. Pp. 100. 9s. 6d.

The Upanishads. A second selection, translated by Swami Nikhilananda. London : Ph?nix House. Pp. 381. 4to. 18s.

Moslems on the March. By F. W. Fernau. Translated from the German by E. W. Dickes. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1954. Pp. xi + 312 and index. $5.00.

The Wonder that was India. A Survey of the Culture of the Indian Sub‐Continent before the Coming of the Muslims. By A. L. Basham, B.A., Ph.D., F.R.A.S. Sidgwick and Jackson. Pp. xxi + 586. Illustrated with pictures, line drawings and maps. 45s.

The East India Company and the Economy of Bengal from 1704 to 1740. By Sukumar Bhattacharya. Luzac and Co. Pp. 240. Maps and appendices. 21s. (cloth).

Warren Hastings. By Keith Feiling. Macmillan. 1954. Pp. xi + 420. 8¾” × 6½”. 30s.

Big Tiger and Christian. By Fritz Mühlenweg. Jonathan Cape. Pp. 558. Illustrated. 15s.

Persia is my Heart. By Najmeh Najafi. Gollancz. Pp. 245. Illustrated. 13s. 6d.

A Village in Anatolia. By Mahmut Makal. Translated by Sir Wyndham Deedes. Valentine Mitchell and Co. 1954. Pp. 208. Illustrated. 18s.

No Ten Commandments. Life in the Indian Police. By S. T. Hollins, C.I.E. Hutchinson. 1954. Pp. 304. 8½” × 5¾”. 16s.

Nanga Parbat. By Dr. Karl Herrligkoffer. Elek Books Ltd. London. Pp. 254; 8 colour plates, 55 monochrome plates, 5 sketch maps and diagrams. 9” × 5½”. 25s.

Growing up in an Egyptian Village. By Hamed Ammar, M.A., Ph.D. Rout‐ledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd. 1954. Pp. 299. 28s.

The Temple Tiger and more Maneaters of Kumnon. By Jim Corbett. Oxford Unversity Press. 1954. Pp. 197. 8” × 5¼”. 12s. 6d.

Afghanistan (Ancient Aryana). By A. Rahman Pazhwak, of the Afghan Bureau of Information. Key Press, 194, Portland Road, Hove. 1954. Pp. 81. With coloured portrait of H.M. Zahir Shah, 2 maps and 66 excellent illustrations. 9½” × 7”. No price.     

Explicit inflation targets and central bank independence: friends or foes?

The paper studies the relationship between two institutional innovations in monetary policy of the past few decades: central bank independence (CBI) and explicit inflation targeting (EIT). The aim is to make inferences about the optimal institutional design of monetary policy, and the right sequencing of policy reform. Our reduced-form model unifies several approaches in the literature, and offers three novel institutional findings (that we square with existing empirical evidence). First, instrument-CBI is a complement to EIT, whereas goal-CBI acts as a strategic substitute for EIT in ensuring low inflation and policy credibility. Second, out of these two ‘commitment technologies,’ EIT is shown to be socially superior to goal-CBI. Third and controversially, countries that first implement goal-CBI are then less likely to adopt the desirable EIT regime. This is because independent central bankers may have less need to do so (their independence partly substitutes for EIT), as well as less willingness to do so (due to a higher degree of accountability associated with a transparently legislated target). Our analysis therefore implies that developing and emerging market countries should go down the New Zealand route—legislate EIT together with instrument-CBI, but stay clear of goal-CBI. Unfortunately, many transition countries have followed the opposite Fed/Bundesbank route, which we show may have adverse welfare consequences through several channels.     

Geophysics and the search of freshwater bodies: A review

Geophysics may assist scent dogs and divers in the search of water bodies for human and animal remains, contraband, weapons and explosives by surveying large areas rapidly and identifying targets or environmental hazards. The most commonly applied methods are described and evaluated for forensic searches. Seismic reflection or refraction and CHIRPS are useful for deep, open water bodies and identifying large targets, yet limited in streams and ponds. The use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) on water (WPR) is of limited use in deep waters (over 20 m) but is advantageous in the search for non-metallic targets in small ditches and ponds. Large metal or metal-bearing targets can be successfully imaged in deep waters by using towfish magnetometers: in shallow waters such a towfish cannot be used, so a non-metalliferous boat can carry a terrestrial magnetometer. Each device has its uses, depending on the target and location: unknown target make-up (e.g. a homicide victim with or without a metal object) may be best located using a range of methods (the multi-proxy approach), depending on water depth. Geophysics may not definitively find the target, but can provide areas for elimination and detailed search by dogs and divers, saving time and effort.