20世纪泰国社会华人姓名的泰化嬗变

华人是泰国社会重要的组成部分,他们的姓名问题对社会稳定有重要影响,因此一直是泰国政府所关注的问题之一。本文试图通过泰国华人姓名泰化的嬗变过程,来管窥20世纪华人在泰国社会所处境遇的变化。华人姓名的不断泰化,一方面缘于泰国政府长期不懈地坚持对华人的同化政策;另一方面也与当地华人对泰国社会的认同感不断增强密切相关。此外,面对政府的归化政策,华人也通过双名制度等方式保持自身文化的相对独立性。     

被害人承诺有效成立的条件

被害人承诺以正当化根据为理论基础,以成立条件为核心要素。被害人承诺有效成立的条件,涉及刑事责任的大小和有无。因此,只有严格区分和限定被害人承诺成立的有效范围和条件,才能更好地指导司法实践。     

量刑基准的存在根据与形式——兼论法官量刑基准意识的养成

量刑基准存在于司法语境中,是法官观念中的内容,转化为现实就是法官自由裁量权的行使。以文字的方式将量刑基准规范化的做法没有现实可能性。可以培养法官对量刑基准的认同感,但不能企图将法官意识中的量刑基准统一化。     

对行政违法失职行为的检察监督

检察机关应从解决公民控告申诉检举问题入手,对行政违法失职行为进行监督,促进依法行政,从根本上解决信访难题,以维护社会稳定,促进和谐社会建设.同时形成检察机关对司法、行政执法活动监督的格局,完善检察机关的法律监督体系.     

论侦查机关的告知义务

刑事追诉机关在初次讯问犯罪嫌疑人或对其羁押时,应当告知其享有的诉讼权利.这是受刑事追究者获得告知的权利,也是刑事追诉机关的告知义务.现代人权保障制度的发展,不仅要求侦查、检察机关履行告知义务,而且应当依法允许犯罪嫌疑人行使其诉讼权利,并为其权利的实现提供保障.以侦查阶段的初次讯问为对象,对告知义务进行考查,比较美英加法德等国以及我国台湾刑事诉讼法对初次讯问时的告知义务的规定,剖析我国相关法律规定的问题所在,进而对完善我国侦查阶段初次讯问时的告知义务提出了建议.     

当前我国普通高校本科教学评估存在的主要问题与对策研究

普通高校教学评估是政府加强高等教育管理、提高高等教育质量的重要举措和手段。目前,我国高校正在深入开展本科教学工作水平评估活动。当前的评估工作既取得了很大成绩,又存在着一些突出问题。要解决这些问题,应采取如下对策:尽快加强教育评估的立法工作;尽快建立健全学校自我评估的长效机制;尽快修订和调整评估指标体系;适当调整评估性质与结论,杜绝弄虚作假、形式主义、行政干预等行为;进一步提高专家的质量;进一步加强评估理论与方法的研究,指导评估实践;制订更为严格的评估工作纪律;大力发展教育评估中介机构,加强教育评估中介机构的培育;进一步加强对评估工作的正面宣传。     

Forensic toxicological study on adipocere formation in submerged cadavers of female albino rats intoxicated with cadmium

There is a dearth of information on the mutual interaction between metal intoxication and adipocere formation. Herein, 40 adult female albino rats were distributed into two equal groups, one used as control while the other orally administered single dose of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) 225 mg/kg·bw (LD_min). Control group was killed by cervical dislocation. Half of dead rats of both groups were subjected for determination of iodine value and estimation of cadmium (Cd) residues while the other half of both groups were submerged in opened glass container previously filled with 4 L dechlorinated tap water kept in closed room with an open air access (one cadaver/container). Gross morphological changes of submerged cadavers were recorded weekly along the experiment. At the end of the experiment, after 3 months, samples were collected again for iodine value determination and estimation of Cd residues. The obtained results revealed the depressant effect of Cd toxicity on development of adipocere. Cd residues were found in different tissues of cadavers at time of death with the highest amount in the intestines followed by the liver and kidneys, then lungs, adipose tissue, muscles, and finally the bones. After 3 months of water submersion, tissues exhibited significant decrease in the amount of Cd residues but to a limit that was still detected. This study concluded the possibility of detection of Cd residues even after adipocere formation. Additionally, it shed light on the possibility of the interference of environmental pollution with the natural rate of decomposition especially adipocere formation.     

Determinants of Firm‐Level Lobbying and Government Responsiveness in Agricultural Biotechnology in China

Understanding what stimulates agribusiness firms to lobby the government and what makes the government responsive to lobbying are the two issues that have been discussed extensively in the debates concerning determinants of biotechnology policy. This paper examines the factors influencing agribusiness firms' lobbying and government response using econometric modeling on a new data set of 160 leading agribusiness firms in the food, feed, chemical, and seed industries in China. The results show that approximately 10% of agribusiness firms lobbied the government about biotechnology policy and regulations and over half of those that lobbied received a verbal or written acknowledgment from government agencies. Seed and feed companies are more likely to engage in lobbying than chemical companies. Owning GM patents not only has a positive impact on firms' lobbying activities, but firms with these patents are more likely to receive a government response to their lobbying efforts. The experience of selling GM products does not significantly influence lobbying activities or response from the government.     

The politics of return: exploring the future of Syrian refugees in Jordan,Lebanon and Turkey

Abstract

Although the Syrian conflict continues, local and global stakeholders have already begun to consider the return of the six million refugees, especially as neither the option of local integration in the countries of first asylum nor that of resettlement to third countries is seen as a realistic possibility. Elaborating on the return debates in Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan, we relate the politicisation of this question to the growing acceptance of the option of voluntary and involuntary repatriation in the international refugee regime as well as to policies and public opinion. We argue, based on empirical fieldwork, that any debate about the return of Syrian refugees is problematic, since the conditions of safety, voluntariness and sustainability are not fulfilled. Further, returns should not be left entirely to the individual hosting states and actors in the region but should be carried out in collaboration with representative authorities in Syria and the mediation of international organisations upon full resolution of conflict.     

Postmortem Changes of Female External Genitalia and Their Importance in Suspected Sexual Abuse

Examination of the female external genitalia to assess for sexual abuse is performed in living individuals, and the interpretation of the findings is based on evidence-based studies. However, in the deceased, no such studies are available, and postmortem changes could present as suspicious findings that can be mistaken for trauma. Patches of discoloration in the hymen were reported previously in one case as hypostasis (i.e., livor and lividity), and based on this finding, it was listed as a finding that is not associated with trauma. This was a retrospective study that was conducted in the Center of Forensic and Legal Medicine in Dammam, Saudi Arabia over a 4-year period. The study included 30 deceased women in whom photographic documentation of their external genitalia was assessed for postmortem changes. The postmortem interval ranged from less than 24 h to more than 100 days, and the ages of these deceased women were in the 20–40 year-old age group. In cases where the hymen, vagina, and/or fossa navicularis were clearly visible, none of these areas showed any hypostatic discoloration. A comparison between antemortem and postmortem appearance of the hymen in one case clearly showed the absence of hypostatic changes in the hymen. In conclusion, any discoloration of the external genitalia that is detected in a female decedent requires serious consideration.