Can Transparency Foster More Understanding and Compliant Citizens?

Voluntary policy compliance is an important yet rarely studied topic in public administration. To address the paucity of research, this article proposes and empirically tests a conceptual framework that ties policy transparency and policy understanding to voluntary policy compliance intentions. The reasoning is that the extent to which citizens understand a policy contributes to their intentions to comply with that policy. Further, the authors argue that policy transparency indirectly influences voluntary policy compliance intentions through a positive effect on citizens’ levels of policy understanding. To enhance the validity of the findings, the authors assess these relationships across two policy domains. The findings reflect an indirect positive effect of transparency on voluntary compliance occurring through policy understanding. However, this emerged only for one policy domain. These results suggest that the effects of policy transparency on policy understanding and voluntary policy compliance intentions may depend on the policy domain.     

The Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Power Plant Emissions on Birth Weight: Evidence from a Pennsylvania Power Plant Located Upwind of New Jersey

To examine the infant health impact of prenatal exposure to power plant emissions, we draw scientific evidence on the impacted region downwind of a large polluter, a coal‐fired power plant located on the border of two states and proven to be the sole contributor to the violation of air quality standards of the impacted region. Our results show that among all live singleton births that occurred during 1990 through 2006, those born to mothers living as far as 20 to 30 miles away downwind from the power plant (which is also an affluent region) during pregnancy are at greater risks of low birth weight (LBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW): the likelihoods of LBW and VLBW could increase approximately by 6.50 and 17.12 percent, respectively. In light of the continual efforts of The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in reducing cross‐state air pollution caused by transboundary power plant emissions, our study is aimed at broadening the scope of cross‐border pollution impact analysis by taking into account adverse infant health effects of upwind polluters, which can impose disproportionate burdens of health risks on downwind states due to air pollutants transported by wind.     

上海世博会:文化创意产业发展的重要契机

2010年上海世博会是以文化为基础的一次战略实践,是上海文化创意产业发展的极好机遇.上海的文化创意产业将在世博会这一重大国际性主题文化活动的带动下,根据市场需求推出系列化的文化产品和服务,塑造出知名品牌型的强势文化创意产业群体,吸引外部投资和外来消费作为城市和国家的发展资源,同时通过完善发展上海的创意产业,借助世博会的展示平台,向世界呈现上海作为世界创意中心之一的城市形象.     

生态文明与可持续发展

生态文明的本质是文明与自然生态相融合,当前地球自然生态条件下,学习和效法自然生态规律,并用于指导人类文明建设,是可持续发展的唯一道路.     

“大到教堂,小到汤匙”——巴黎城市遗产建设管理初略

随着我国对历史文化遗产保护的日趋关注,城市遗产建设和管理越来越受引重视.巴黎,这座闻名遐迩的历史名城和现代都市,以她独有的、非凡的城市建没成就在世界城建史中占有极其重要的地位,尤其是其城市遗产的建设管理水平远远走在世界前列.     

论“枫桥经验”与社区警务创新发展

从实践层面看,“枫桥经验”的基本内涵及其具体做法,与英、美等西方国家的社区警务不谋而合、各具特色。“枫桥经验”具有社区警务的典型性、特色性、原创性、先进性,是中国特色社区警务的典型代表。是社区警务的“东方模式”。构建社会主义和谐社会、农村新一轮改革发展、学习实践科学发展观、社会治安阶段性特征、警务变革发展趋势等,对社区警务建设提出了新要求。要坚持并发展“枫桥经验”,把群众的呼声作为第一信号,以构建和谐警民关系为支撑,以情报信息为引领,以推进城乡警务一体化为重点,以构建和谐社区为目标。以提高社区民警的素质和能力为保障,主动顺应警务变革的新潮流,不断推动社区警务的创新发展。     

网络言语特征识别

网络语言具有口头语言的一般特征,言语人通过键盘录入文字、传输文字信息、阅读文字内容的方式交流,是一种文字化的语言。对网络语言这样一种口语化的书面语言进行言语识别,主要是针对网络书面言语材料进行的特征识别。只要网络对话内容比较丰富,我们就可以通过网络言语特征识别确定说话者的年龄、职业、文化程度及生活地域等。     

间接ELISA检测鸡大肠埃希氏菌菌毛抗体方法的建立

用大肠埃希氏菌O1、O2、O3、O78和O89株制备ELISA抗原,与抗鸡Ig单抗1B7酶结合物建立了检测鸡血清抗体水平的间接ELISA方法.经交叉试验、阻断试验、重复性试验等表明该方法重复性好、特异性强、灵敏度高;确立了将鸡血清100倍稀释检测ELISA效价(ET)的回归方法y=2.453+0.131x(P＞0.05),可用于定量测定.用IH与ELISA方法的比较试验表明,ELISA法比IH法敏感性高4-100倍.     

The morphogenesis of electrically and heat-induced dermal changes in pig skin

In order to establish pathological evidence in dermis for distinguishing between sequelae of electrical torture and those of other superficial injuries, the skin of eleven fully anaesthetized Danish Landrace pigs have been exposed to heat and electrical energy from either 50 Hz alternating current (a.c.) or direct current (d.c.) via 12 mm large contact knobs or via a pointed 0.5 mm large electrode (only 50 Hz a.c.). The lesions have been examined from 1 to 126 days after the injury. While heat lesions exposed to energy lower than 60 joule only gave minor changes, heat lesions exposed to more than 60 joule showed changes in both collagen fibres (basophilic or eosinophilic fibres without any birefringence or coarse cross-striation in polarized light, respectively) and dermal cells (granular cytoplasm). Areas exposed to 50 Hz a.c. via 0.5 mm. electrode showed basophilic collagen fibres and in a few biopsies on day 7 calcium salts on collagen fibres. Using 12 mm large electrodes the changes were minor, but basophilic and eosinophilic collagen fibres with no birefringence or with fine/coarse cross-striation respectively were seen. Even cells with 'vesicular nuclei' were seen on day 1 and 2 after the injury. The changes in the anode area showed resemblance to that of heat lesions (basophilic collagen fibres). Eosinophilic collagen fibres with fine densely spaced cross-striation in polarized light and 'vesicular nuclei' as well as collagen fibres with calcium salts were seen in the cathode lesions. It is concluded that the dermal changes in the cathode area are specific for electrical injury from day 1 to 14. However, earlier studies have demonstrated dermal changes specific for electrical injury at day 0 and the presence of calcified collagen fibres up to 2 months after injury. The dermal changes in anode lesions were non specific and could not be differentiated from those found in heat lesions. Alternating current lesions (50 Hz) were specific from day 1 to day 7, when the pointed electrode was used, but only in a few days when the energy was transferred via the 12-mm electrodes.     

Vitamin D binding protein (Gc) subtypes by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting

The polymorphism of the human vitamin D binding protein (Gc system) was investigated in a total of 149 sera from unrelated healthy Egyptians residing in Tanta City, Gharbiya Governorate, Nile Delta of Egypt, using isoelectric focusing (IEF) in thin-layer polyacrylamide gel followed by immunoblotting. The estimated gene frequencies were Gc1s = 0.540, Gc1f = 0.242 and Gc2 = 0.218.