Federal labor protetons and the privatization of public transit

Federal transportation officials assert that labor protections in the Urban Mass Transportation Act inhibit the propensity of local transit agencies to contract with private firms for services. The authors present results from a survey of a large sample of transit managers and econometric analysis to support their conclusion that labor protections do not appear to reduce the incidence of contracting. The labor protections, however, may be costly to transit management in other ways. The authors recommend actions, aside from repeal of labor protections, to increase contracting by local transit agencies.     

Children in the environment: Forest day-care centers: Modern day care with historical antecedents

Some features of early child care are more prominent in Norway than in other countries, such as emphasis on the outdoor environment. Of general relevance and interest is the form of day care provided by forest day-care centers. Three ideas form the development of these centers placed in wild areas. First, throughout history, Norwegians have had a close attachment to nature and some parents want to provide their children with outdoor experiences at an early age. Second, urging children to play outdoors characterizes the image many parents have of a happy, healthy childhood. Third, provision of day care for children has always been restricted in western countries, forcing parents to invent types of service that can become part of an ecological system that promotes healthy development.The forest day-care centers developed recently represent a supplement to the wide typology of child care in the 21st century. The article outlines the connections between these ideas in general European and western history and Norwegian history and presents debate and decisions about a question dating from the last half of the 1980s. It concludes that the forest day-care centers are perhaps only a modern form of the original kindergarten concept, which started in Europe and America as gardens for children not gardens of children.     

埃及高等教育走向国际化

20世纪80年代以来,埃及的高等教育不断加大开放力度,具体表现为:1.吸引外国政府和大学到埃及办学。十月六日城大学已成为埃及规模最大的国际化私立大学:2002～2003学年,该校14个系共有注册学生1.67万人(来自亚、非、欧、美四大洲的不同国家)。埃及科技大学实行三学期制,可授予文理学士、文理硕士和哲学博士学位,2002～2003学年,注册学生达9700多人。开罗德国大学作为德国创建的第一所境外大学,校园按照乌尔姆大学校园的风格模式建造;课程安排则与斯图加特大学和乌尔姆大学合作设置。2005年4月24日,中国与埃及有关创建埃及中国大学的合作协议…     

罪犯权利的救济制度分析

一、引言长期以来,我们对监狱的解读是“国家的专政机关”,“暴力机器”,对罪犯的认识是“被专政的对象”,罪犯几乎没有权利可言,因而侵犯罪犯权利的现象时常发生。随着人类文明进程的加快,现代法治理念逐步确立,基本人权保障观念逐渐深入人心。罪犯也是人,也有“人之所以为人的权利”,保障罪犯权利已成为人民的自觉选择,越来越多的人认识到保障罪犯的权利,就是为了保障所有人的权利。罪犯“权利主体”、“特殊弱势群体”的观念得到普遍认同,并逐渐成为行刑活动的基本人权理念。在法治理论的框架里,救济是权利的应有之意。没有救济就没有权…     

我国积极应对绿色壁垒的法律对策

随着可持续发展理念的深入人心以及全球性环境保护运动的开展,加之贸易保护主义的抬头,绿色壁垒作为一种技术性贸易壁垒的新形式为广大发达国家所利用,这对发展中国家特别是我国的对外贸易提出了挑战。本文分析了绿色壁垒的涵义、成因及表现形式,指出了绿色壁垒对我国的影响,提出了我国应对绿色壁垒的法律对策。     

Logical evaluation of evidence when a person is suspected of committing two separate offences.

We consider the problem of drawing inferences within a legal framework when a person is a suspect for two separate offences. Although we are primarily concerned with scientific evidence the issue inevitably arises as to how that evidence interacts with other, non-scientific evidence. We show that, in this particular context, the evidence can be conveniently classified into three categories that concern, respectively: the first crime only; the second crime only; and evidence that relates to similarities between the two crimes. Two case examples are considered and we consider DNA, fibres and eyewitness evidence. These are viewed from the perspective of a prosecutor who has to decide whether or not to charge a suspect with one or both crimes. Graphical sensivity analyses are presented which have features that are not intuitively obvious.     

应对突发性群体事件的政府治理创新

积极预防和妥善处置人民内部矛盾引发的突发性群体事件,维护群众利益和社会稳定是社会转型期政府治理的必然要求。各级政府作为治理突发性群体事件的主体,首先必须树立现代治理理念,通过搭建制度沟通平台和建立预警评估体系,防止突发性群体事件的爆发,并以社会自组织为中介尽量减少突发性群体事件,最终建立高效完整的治理模式,提高社会管理和公共服务水平。     

美国会计师第三人责任研究

就会计师第三人责任而言,数美国法最为发达,但关于会计师第三人责任的三种责任标准也存在多数意见与少数意见的纷争。会计师得为可以合理预见的第三人的信赖损害负责。理由之一,会计师第三人责任,系属职业过失责任,如果没有可充权衡的否决因素,责任成立;理由之二,可充权衡的否决因素,即被告责任负担轻重程度以及对共同体的影响、遏制重犯模型、损害和被告行为之间的因果关系,这三种权衡因素都支持而不是否决。     

Looking at U.S. Int‘l Status in the Perspective of Its Inner Institution

America's international status is the key factor that determines the overall international structure. This is an old as well as a new topic in the academia of international relations. The Iraq war in 2003 reveals America's strong points and weak points as well. On the one hand, U. S. military strength is unmatched in the world; on the other hand, America is incapable of doing anything in dealing with many problems. This paradox caused scholars to ponder over the issues such as how strong Am…