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41.
Madawi Al‐Rasheed 《British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies》1998,25(1):121-138
This article focuses on the transformation of Saudi Shi'a resistance from one which centred on military confrontation in the 1980s to one which invokes searching for cultural authenticity (al‐asala al‐shi'iyya) in the 1990s. Today the struggle of the Shi'a for equal status among the Sunni majority draws attention to the attempts of Shi'a intellectuals to write their own regional history. Shi'a intellectuals and opposition leaders deconstruct official representations of themselves and provide alternative historical narratives which anchor their community in Saudi history and society, thus dismissing suggestions that they are a non‐indigenous community. This article examines Shi'a historical narratives in an attempt to understand the transformation in their struggle against discrimination in Saudi Arabia. 相似文献
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Customs authorities in developing countries are often reluctant to forget systematic inspections for fear of risking revenue loss. Such physical inspections however, impede rather than facilitate trade. Control selectivity is therefore a key issue in customs administration reform. This paper shows how a sophisticated risk management method can facilitate trade by automatically and rationally selecting transactions, with the end result of actually enhancing revenue performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
44.
M. Peter van der Hoek 《Public Budgeting & Finance》2005,25(1):32-45
Traditionally, governments used to deploy input‐based budgeting systems and cash‐based accounting systems. However, these systems do not provide the information that is necessary for a government to operate efficiently and effectively. Therefore, a growing number of countries have already shifted or are planning to shift from cash‐based to some form of accrual accounting in the public sector. Usually, the implementation of some accrual‐based system is linked to wider financial management reforms including performance management requiring information on cost. This paper focuses on the Dutch experience with the shift from cash‐based accounting and budgeting systems to an accrual‐based system. 相似文献
45.
Anne van Hoof Quinten A. W. Raaijmakers Yolanda van Beek William W. HaleIII Liesbeth Aleva 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(7):772-782
This study investigated a multi-mediation model of the relationship between bullying behavior, peer victimization, personal
identity, and family characteristics to adolescent depressive symptoms in 194 high school students, 12–18 years of age. In
the first model, peer victimization mediated the relation between bullying behavior and depressive symptoms. In the second
model, personal identity mediated the relation between peer victimization and depressive symptoms. In the final model, the
two mediation models were combined. The relative influence of family characteristics on all variables in the two mediation
models was studied using structural equation modeling. The results supported both mediation models and confirmed the influence
of family characteristics on all variables in the mediation models. This study indicates that victimization by one’s peers
has consequences for adolescents’ psychological health when their personal identity is affected. In addition, the study was
able to model several processes in which family characteristics were related to adolescent depressive symptoms. Moreover,
the final combined model (in which the two mediation models and the influence of family characteristics on all variables were
confirmed) explained half of the variance in adolescent depressive symptoms.
相似文献
Liesbeth AlevaEmail: |
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Romy du Long Judith Fronczek Hans W. M. Niessen Allard C. van der Wal Hans H. de Boer 《法庭科学研究(英文)》2022,7(2):238
Interpreting a myocardial inflammation as causal, contributory or as of no significance at all in the cause of death can be challenging, especially in cases where other pathologic and/or medico-legal findings are also present. To further evaluate the significance of myocardial inflammation as a cause of death we performed a retrospective cohort study of forensic and clinical autopsy cases. We revised the spectrum of histological inflammatory parameters in the myocardium of 79 adult autopsy cases and related these to the reported cause of death. Myocardial slides were reviewed for the distribution and intensity of inflammatory cell infiltrations, the predominant inflammatory cell type, and the presence of inflammation-associated myocyte injury, fibrosis, edema and hemorrhage. Next, the cases were divided over three groups, based on the reported cause of death. Group 1 (n = 27) consisted of all individuals with an obvious unnatural cause of death. Group 2 (n = 29) included all individuals in which myocarditis was interpreted to be one out of more possible causes of death. Group 3 (n = 23) consisted of all individuals in which myocarditis was reported to be the only significant finding at autopsy, and no other cause of death was found. Systematic application of our histological parameters showed that only a diffuse increase of inflammatory cells could discriminate between an incidental presence of inflammation (Group 1) or a potentially significant one (Groups 2 and 3). No other histological parameter showed significant differences between the groups. Our results suggest that generally used histological parameters are often insufficient to differentiate an incidental myocarditis from a (potentially) significant one. 相似文献
49.
Yi‐Hong Liao BS Jae‐Sang Hyun PhD Michael Feller MS Tyler Bell PhD Ian Bortins BS James Wolfe MS David Baldwin PhD Song Zhang PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2021,66(1):112-128
The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners. 相似文献
50.
Darrell O. Ricke Ph.D. Philip Fremont‐Smith M.S. James Watkins B.S. Sara Stankiewicz M.S. Tara Boettcher B.S. Eric Schwoebel Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(5):1468-1474
High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of large panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provides an alternative or complimentary approach to short tandem repeats (STRs) panels for the analysis of complex DNA mixture forensic samples. For STRs, methods to estimate individual contribution concentrations compare capillary electrophoresis peak heights, peak areas, or HTS allele read counts within a mixture. This article introduces three approaches (mean, median, and slope methods) for estimating individual DNA contributions to forensic mixtures for HTS/massively parallel sequencing (MPS) SNP panels. For SNPs, the major:minor allele ratios or counts, unique to each contributor, were compared to estimate contributor proportion within the mixture using the mean, median, and slope intercept for these alleles. The estimates for these three methods were typically within 5% of planned experimental contributions for defined mixtures. 相似文献