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Circumstances of criminal activities involving radioactive materials may mean fiber evidence recovered from a crime scene could have been exposed to materials emitting ionizing radiation. The consequences of radiation exposed fibers on the result of the forensic analysis and interpretation is explored. The effect of exposure to 1-1000 kGy radiation doses in natural and synthetic fibers was noticeable using comparative forensic examination methods, such as optical microscopy, microspectrophotometry, and thin-layer chromatography. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed no signs of radiation-induced chemical changes in any of the fiber structures. The outcome of the comparative methods highlights the risk of "false negatives" associated in comparing colors of recovered fibers that may have been exposed to unknown radiation doses. Consideration of such results supports the requirement to know the context, including the environmental conditions, as much as possible before undertaking a forensic fiber examination. 相似文献
83.
D'Errico S Neri M Nieddu A Mazzeo E Riezzo I Turillazzi E Fineschi V 《Forensic science international》2011,207(1-3):e8-11
Stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is characterized by transient systolic dysfunction of the apical and/or midventricular myocardial segments in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease and is unique in that it can manifest itself after acute emotional stress. Excessive amounts of catecholamines released from sympathetic nerve endings as well as from the adrenal medulla under stressful conditions are considered to produce intracellular Ca(2+) overload and cardiac dysfunction through the β(1)-adrenoceptor signal transduction pathway. We describe the clinical and pathomorphological findings in two stress-induced cardiomyopathy fatal cases. Levels of catecholamines and their metabolites in urine samples were assessed too. Morphological patterns seen in SICM result from the complex interplay between sympathetic innervations, β-receptor density and function and catecholamine sensitivity. 相似文献
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Moreno LI Tate CM Knott EL McDaniel JE Rogers SS Koons BW Kavlick MF Craig RL Robertson JM 《Journal of forensic sciences》2012,57(4):1051-1058
The potential application of mRNA for the identification of biological fluids using molecular techniques has been a recent development in forensic serology. Constitutively expressed housekeeping genes can assess the amount of mRNA recovered from a sample, establish its suitability for downstream applications, and provide a reference point to corroborate the identity of the fluid. qPCR was utilized to compare the expression levels of housekeeping genes from forensic-like body fluid stains to establish the most appropriate assessment of human mRNA quantity prior to profiling. Although variability was observed between fluids and individuals, results indicated that beta-2 microglobulin exhibited the highest expression for all body fluids examined and across donors. A one-way analysis of variance was performed for housekeeping gene variability between donors (at the α, 0.05, significance level), and the results indicated significant differences for semen, vaginal secretions, and menstrual blood. 相似文献
86.
Drummer OH Kourtis I Beyer J Tayler P Boorman M Gerostamoulos D 《Forensic science international》2012,215(1-3):14-17
In mid 2009 Victoria introduced compulsory drug testing of blood taken from all injured drivers taken to hospital. Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), methylamphetamine (MA) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methylamphetamine (MDMA) are prohibited and if drivers are positive to any amount an automatic penalty is enforced. Laboratory screens were conducted on preserved blood using ELISA testing for cannabis metabolite and methylamphetamines and a fully validated LC-MS/MS method for 105 drugs including THC, amphetamines, opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants and antipsychotics and a number of other psychoactive substances using a minimum of two transitions per drug. Conventional GC-testing for ethanol was used to screen and quantify the presence of alcohol. 1714 drivers were tested and showed alcohol in 29% (≥ 0.01 g/100mL) and drugs in 35%. The positive rate for the three drugs prohibited by legislation was 12.5%. The prevalence of THC, MA and MDMA was 9.8%, 3.1%, and 0.8%, respectively. The range of THC concentrations in blood was 2-42 ng/mL (median 7) of which 70% had a concentration of 10 ng/mL or higher. The range of concentrations for MA and MDMA was 0.02-0.4 and 0.03-0.3mg/L (median for both drugs was 0.05 mg/L). Drugs of any type were detected in 35% of cases. The other drugs were largely prescribed drugs such as the antidepressants (9.3%) and benzodiazepines (8.9%). Neither 6-acetylmorphine nor cocaine (or benzoylecgonine) was detected in these cases. 相似文献
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European Journal of Political Research - 相似文献
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Viktoria Robertson 《Journal für Rechtspolitik》2010,18(3):133-145
Der Vertrag von Lissabon führte erstmals einen eigenen Titel mit Bestimmungen über die demokratischen Grundsätze der Europäischen Union in das Vertragsgefüge ein (Art 9 bis 12 EUV). Darin enthalten sind sowohl die Grundsätze der repräsentativen als auch der partizipativen Demokratie. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die direktdemokratischen Elemente des deutschsprachigen Europa (Österreich, Deutschland, Schweiz) rechtsvergleichend dargestellt, um anschließend die (neuen) Aspekte der direkten Demokratie in der Europäischen Union zu beleuchten. Dabei steht die neue europäische Bürgerinitiative im Zentrum des Interesses. 相似文献
90.