The use of immunoenzyme analysis for determining ABH antigens in traces of saliva and sperm]

The authors suggest a simple sensitive technique for enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of ABH antigens in saliva and semen. A two-staged dot blot solid-phase EIA on nitrocellulose membranes was employed with anti-ABH monoclonal antibodies obtained in immunization of mice with human red cells. 4-chloro-1-naphthol substrate solution was used to visualize the peroxidase label. The results of analysis of salivary and spermatic samples obtained from donors of various groups evidence that this EIA variant may be useful in forensic medicine.     

Cognitive limitations and affirmative action: The effects of aggregate versus sequential data in the perception of discrimination

The present experiment examined whether or not relatively simple cognitive and information-processing limitations may prevent us from recognizing instances of organizational discrimination. It was hypothesized that the perception of discrimination would be more difficult when the relevant information had been presented in a case-by-case basis rather than in aggregate format. The obtained results provided strong support for the original hypothesis. Subjects who had been presented with company data in aggregate format provided significantly higher ratings of discrimination than those subjects for whom the information had been presented in sequential form. The implications of these findings to the policy of affirmative action are also discussed.     

Occupational health ethics: OSHA and the courts

Recent court decisions have stressed the necessity for cost-benefit analysis in evaluating Occupational and Safety Health Administration (OSHA) standards, thus raising difficult ethical questions which this paper analyzes using classical approaches of deontology and teleology. Since both modes of analysis have deficiencies, the need for a synthesis using economic and noneconomic measures is suggested.     

The effect of electricity on the myoglobin content of the human heart and skeletal muscles

The myoglobin content of heart muscles was examined by the indirect immunoperoxidase method in eight autopsy cases where death was due to electricity. Seven cases showed a considerable release of myoglobin from the myocardial fibers. In experimental comparison, the heart muscles and skeletal muscles from nine cases where death was natural were exposed to electricity, and considerable deletion of myoglobin was also demonstrated. We believe that the findings of ischemia or thermal effects due to electricity were the cause of the release of myoglobin. Because the demonstration of myoglobin is preferable to estimation of the damaged areas of muscles by hematoxylin-eosin staining, this examination may be more advantageous in forensic examination of death by electricity.