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While a considerable number of studies had been conducted to examine the effects of various variables on police behavior, very few studies had simultaneously analyzed factors that accounted both for police coercive and noncoercive behaviors. Equally limited is the research on the influences of officer characteristics and neighborhood context on police behavior controlling for all individual situational factors. Using observational and survey data collected by a large-scale project and hierarchical linear modeling techniques, this study assessed the effects of situational, officer, and neighborhood variables on police coercive and noncoercive actions, as well as the cross-level effects between these variables. Findings showed that situational characteristics played a strong role in determining officer coercive behavior, but not noncoercive activities. Similarly, officer-level predictors explained better officers' variation in coercive behavior than noncoercive behavior. Meanwhile, socially disadvantaged neighborhoods were more prone to receive coercive activities than were other neighborhoods. Implications for policy and future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Ivan Verougstraete 《West European politics》2013,36(3):93-108
The judiciary in Belgium is an independent branch of government and has succeeded in maintaining its independence against many odds. Not being bound by any particular method of inter‐pretion and able to control to a certain extent the machinery of government, the judges have been, whenever needed, cautiously innovative. The public is certainly not hostile, as far as such innovations are concerned. Constitutional law, morals, human rights and particularly economic law have been the areas in which judges have been most willing or compelled to take creative steps. Because these individual decisions are drafted as applications of existing general principles and statutes and largely reflect the prevailing views of society, very little criticism has been voiced about this hidden and cautious legal activism. 相似文献
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This study develops and tests a model of economic deprivation and crime using data from 52 nations for the years 1995–1999.
The model, centering on the role of absolute and relative economic deprivation in mediating crime, predicts that social change
causes variation in economic deprivation, which, in turn, leads to variation in crime rates. The results show that the relative
deprivation variable, income inequality, mediates a large portion of the effects of two social change variables, population
growth and urbanization, on homicide, while one of the absolute deprivation variables, GDP, transmits a great part of the
effects of social change variables on theft. Both social change variables were found to have a weak direct connection to homicide
and theft rates. Implications for policy and future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Ivan Y. Sun Yuning Wu Lanying Huang Yushen Lin Jessica C. M. Li Mingyue Su 《Journal of family violence》2012,27(2):133-144
While a large amount of research has been conducted in the West on domestic violence related issues, only a small number of
studies have focused specifically on Chinese societies. Using survey data collected from Beijing, Hong Kong, and Taipei, this
study compares college students’ preferences for traditional and proactive police intervention into domestic violence and
assesses the determinants of such preferences in the three Chinese societies. The findings indicate that Hong Kong students
showed the highest level of support for traditional police response, followed by students in Beijing and Taipei, while students
in Taipei displayed the strongest preference for proactive police response, followed by students in Hong Kong and Beijing.
College students’ preferences for traditional police response were shaped mainly by their locality, whereas their preferences
for proactive police intervention were influenced chiefly by their attitudes toward violence and gender roles. Directions
for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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