Age assessment by rib phase analysis in Turks

The I?can's phase method for the estimation of adult age at death from the sternal extremity of the fourth rib was introduced in 1983. Over the years, numerous tests have confirmed the reliability of this technique on varied samples. However, no large scale study has been conducted to test the application of this method on a modern white sample geographically, genetically, and culturally diverse from the American white database. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to apply rib phase standards to a Turkish sample to test if the progression of morphological changes follow the same age sequence. Using a sample of 150 males and 144 females of known age at death, each rib was phased using the standards developed by I?can and associates in 1984 and 1985. The phase estimations were then subject to an analysis of variance. The results of the study indicated that Turkish ribs show the same morphological characteristics that define the phases at nearly identical ages. Variation as measured by the standard deviation increased from phase 5 on in both sexes. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the rib phase standards can be accurately applied to Turks. Investigations of this nature are vital because one cannot assume that a method developed from one group is applicable to a distant population, especially in medicolegal proceedings.     

Handedness identification from intertubercular sulcus of the humerus by discriminant function analysis

The accurate determination of skeletal handedness is a critical requirement in physical anthropology and forensic science. To differentiate handedness, discriminant function analysis is applied using the parameters of right and left intertubercular sulci. A total of 200 matched unpaired adult humeri (100 right and 100 left), collected from the Department of Anatomy, were used to measure four parameters of the intertubercular sulcus namely, width (X1), depth (X2), angle of medial wall (X3) and angle of lateral wall (X4) and to note the presence of supratubercular ridge of Meyer (X5). The discriminant function obtained with the significant variables, angle of medial wall (X3), angle of lateral wall (X4) and presence of the supratubercular Meyer (X5) is: Y = 0.093X3 + 0.056X4 + 0.775X5 - 13.46. The accuracy of correct classification using the discriminant function is 89% which is the best starting point for handedness determination approach. The methodology of using discriminant function can be crucial for medicolegal jurisprudence.     

Comparison of results for quantitative determination of morphine by radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, and spectrofluorometry.

The quantitative results (accuracy and precision) for determination of opiates by radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme immunoassay (EMIT), and spectrofluorometry on split samples are compared. A variety of physiological samples were studied, including random urine from a methadone maintenance clinic and postmortem urine, blood, bile, brain, and lung tissue from heroin-induced or heroin-related deaths. The opiate concentrations detected by the two immunoassay methods were in good agreement with each other in the absence of interfering substances which are believed to react with the antimorphine antibodies. The immunoassay results were in agreement within the relative standard deviation with the fluorometry results in 55% of the urine samples and 80% of the blood samples. The immunological methods are superior to fluorometry for quantitation of morphine in urine samples due to quenching interferences in fluorometry from urine. They were comparable to fluorometry for quantitation of morphine in blood samples.     

The structural problem of Canadian federalism

Abstract. A federal system must attempt to deal with diversities which are territorially based. It can do this through two procedures: (i) conferring the power over some of these most pervasive diversities on the states or provinces; (ii) giving the constituent regional units a permanent voice in the central government. It is the argument of this paper that Canadian federalism has come to rely too exclusively on the first method to the neglect of the second. Thus from time to time important geographically-based attitudes and interests find they have little influence in the federal government and turn to the provinces instead. Thus the price of the survival of Canadian federalism may be the radical restructuring of the central government to make it more effectively representative of these territorially-based diversities. Several tentative suggestions are made to this end - measures to decrease the dominance of the Prime Minister over Parliament, a federal bureaucracy based deliberately on representative lines, the reorganization of the cabinet and several of the departments of government to make them more representative of geographically-based interests, reforms in the electoral system. In general, the survival of Canadian federalism requires some method to obstruct the growing power of the provinces and this method may well be that central institutions come to act in terms of Calhoun's rule of concurrent majorities. Sommaire. Tout systène fédéral doit essayer de s'occuper des situations diverses dont la base est géographique. Cela peut se faire de deux façons: (i) endonnant aux états ou aux provinces le pouvoir de traiter de certaines des particularités les plus courantes; (ii) en donnent aux groupes représentant les régions une voix permanente au sein du gouvernement central. Cette communication soutient que le fédéralisme canadien en est arrivéà utiliser presque exclusivement la premiere méthode au détriment de la seconde. De temps à autre, des attitudes et intérêts d'inspiration géographique se trouvent exercer peu d'influence dans le gouvernement fédéral et tendent à sa manifester au niveau provincial. Ainsi le prix de la survive du fédéralisme canadien pourrait être la restructuration radicale du gouvernement central pour qu'il représente mieux les diversités à base territoriale. On a offert différentes suggestions à cette fin - des mesures pour diminuer l'emprise du premier ministre sur le parlement, une bureaucratie fédérate établie de facon délibérée d'après le principe de la représentation, la réorganisation du cabinet et de plusieurs ministères du gouvernement pour qu'ils représentent mieux les intérêts géographiques, des réformes du système électoral. D'une façon générale, la survie du fédéralisme canadien dépend d'une méthode permettant d'enrayer le pouvoir croissant des provinces et il se pourrait que cette méthode demande que les institutions centrales se conforment à la règie de Calhoun des majorités coexistantes.     

A Fair Return to Farmers

This address by the tobacco representative for S. Rhodesia wasgiven, under the Chairmanship of Mr. A. D. Dodds-Parker, M.P.,on the 27th July.