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981.
The time it takes a court to process its cases, a critical aspect of court performance, varies widely from case to case, from court to court, and within a given court as the court and its environment change over time. The sources of this variation, however, have remained largely obscure.
This paper examines the structural and case-level influences on processing times in three criminal courts experiencing structural changes, including a number of administrative reforms designed to reduce processing times. We find both similarities and differences between courts, but in general both many structural arrangements and many case characteristics affect processing times, with some case characteristics having different effects under different structural arrangements, and some structural arrangements affecting different sorts of cases differently. We conclude with a discussion of implications for court management. 相似文献
This paper examines the structural and case-level influences on processing times in three criminal courts experiencing structural changes, including a number of administrative reforms designed to reduce processing times. We find both similarities and differences between courts, but in general both many structural arrangements and many case characteristics affect processing times, with some case characteristics having different effects under different structural arrangements, and some structural arrangements affecting different sorts of cases differently. We conclude with a discussion of implications for court management. 相似文献
982.
Sixty years after its publication, Michael Young’s The Rise of the Meritocracy remains one of the most important texts for understanding the changing intellectual politics of postwar Britain. Young’s fictional vision of a meritocratic society explores the consequences of a society where each citizen is judged according to the formula ‘I.Q. + Effort = Merit’. The successful meritocrats hoard ever-greater rewards for themselves, crystallising into a rigid and repressive elite who rule over an increasingly powerless and depressed underclass. While the concept has evolved and adapted, the language of meritocracy is one of the great survivors of postwar British politics. In an age characterised by the rise of populist leaders and movements, as well as a backlash against educated ‘liberal elites’, revisiting, reinterpreting and re-evaluating Young’s influential satire and the central place the concept of meritocracy occupies in the history of postwar Britain has never been more important. 相似文献
983.
Patrick J. Egan 《American journal of political science》2020,64(3):699-716
Political science generally treats identities such as ethnicity, religion, and sexuality as “unmoved movers” in the chain of causality. I hypothesize that the growing salience of partisanship and ideology as social identities in the United States, combined with the increasing demographic distinctiveness of the nation's two political coalitions, is leading some Americans to engage in a self-categorization and depersonalization process in which they shift their identities toward the demographic prototypes of their political groups. Analyses of a representative panel data set that tracks identities and political affiliations over a 4-year span confirm that small but significant shares of Americans engage in identity switching regarding ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and class that is predicted by partisanship and ideology in their pasts, bringing their identities into alignment with their politics. These findings enrich and complicate our understanding of the relationship between identity and politics and suggest caution in treating identities as unchanging phenomena. 相似文献
984.
985.
986.
This article addresses the critical problem of sexual harassment in criminal justice agencies. The authors assess empirically
the incidents of sexual harassment in criminal justice organizations, and discuss why sexual harassment is more prevalent
in criminal justice agencies than in other public agencies. 相似文献
987.
Research on procedural justice has provided ample evidence that people are concerned not only with the outcome of disputes
but also with the fairness of the procedures used to resolve disputes. The majority of the studies examining the importance
of procedural justice have been conducted in the United States and Western European countries. This study tests the generality
of the procedural justice model by examining the importance of fair procedures to people in a non-Western country, Japan.
This study also examines the meaning of a fair procedure from a legal perspective. Past studies have drawn the procedural
justice criteria considered from social psychology. We examine several additional criteria derived from the legal concept
of due process of law. Results indicate that fair procedures are more important to subjects than fair outcomes in both a traffic
accident dispute and a breach of contract case. Furthermore, across both types of disputes, fairness concerns are more important
than nonfairness concerns. These results are consistent with findings from studies conducted in Western countries. A new finding
that emerges from the study is that the clarity with which a procedure is formulated and presented is a strong determinant
of procedural justice judgments. 相似文献
988.
Effects of positional restraint on oxygen saturation and heart rate following exercise 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D T Reay J D Howard C L Fligner R J Ward 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》1988,9(1):16-18
This report assesses the effects on peripheral oxygen saturation and heart rate that positional restraint induces when a person is prone, handcuffed, and "hog-tied." Peripheral oxygen saturation and heart rate were monitored at rest, during exercise, and during recovery from exercise for 10 adult subjects. The effects of positional restraint produced a mean recovery time that was significantly prolonged. Consequently, the physiological effects produced by positional restraint should be recognized in deaths where such measures are used. 相似文献
989.
990.