全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23391篇 |
免费 | 617篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 1144篇 |
工人农民 | 927篇 |
世界政治 | 1837篇 |
外交国际关系 | 868篇 |
法律 | 13882篇 |
中国共产党 | 2篇 |
中国政治 | 116篇 |
政治理论 | 5011篇 |
综合类 | 221篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 283篇 |
2019年 | 341篇 |
2018年 | 436篇 |
2017年 | 529篇 |
2016年 | 549篇 |
2015年 | 393篇 |
2014年 | 458篇 |
2013年 | 2396篇 |
2012年 | 545篇 |
2011年 | 577篇 |
2010年 | 488篇 |
2009年 | 513篇 |
2008年 | 596篇 |
2007年 | 621篇 |
2006年 | 606篇 |
2005年 | 529篇 |
2004年 | 536篇 |
2003年 | 562篇 |
2002年 | 497篇 |
2001年 | 886篇 |
2000年 | 803篇 |
1999年 | 678篇 |
1998年 | 375篇 |
1997年 | 312篇 |
1996年 | 272篇 |
1995年 | 269篇 |
1994年 | 317篇 |
1993年 | 286篇 |
1992年 | 434篇 |
1991年 | 500篇 |
1990年 | 450篇 |
1989年 | 464篇 |
1988年 | 435篇 |
1987年 | 476篇 |
1986年 | 462篇 |
1985年 | 449篇 |
1984年 | 396篇 |
1983年 | 415篇 |
1982年 | 328篇 |
1981年 | 317篇 |
1980年 | 241篇 |
1979年 | 352篇 |
1978年 | 235篇 |
1977年 | 200篇 |
1976年 | 184篇 |
1975年 | 192篇 |
1974年 | 206篇 |
1973年 | 189篇 |
1972年 | 154篇 |
1971年 | 140篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
1.
ABSTRACTCopyright is inherently intertwined with the development of technology and none more so than the advent of the Internet and sharing technologies. More recently, social media platforms have become the latest challenge for copyright law and policy. This article builds on the literature that recognises the underlying conflict between copyright and social networking sites (SNSs); namely that the basic implication of copyright is the restriction of copying, whereas the ethos of social networking is the promotion of sharing. In particular, this article focuses on the disparity between the restricted acts of copying and communication to the public under copyright law and the encouragement of sharing on SNS Instagram. In doing so, it contextualises the debate surrounding copyright and social media and provides an understanding of the legal implications of using Instagram. As such this paper analyses (1) the infringement of copyright protected work on Instagram, and (2) the user-agreement and licensing of copyright material on Instagram. This study concludes that the disparity between the principles of copyright and social media lead to confusion and vulnerability of users. Therefore, it is suggested that Instagram should better inform its users of the implications of sharing third-party content as well as the terms of its user agreement. This could be done by implementing a copyright strategy, which includes a notice and takedown system as well as investing in producing educational content for users. Perhaps SNSs, such as Instagram might be more motivated to take steps to recognise intellectual property rights if they were considered Internet Services Provides such as YouTube. 相似文献
2.
Angela J. Thielo Francis T. Cullen Alexander L. Burton Melissa M. Moon Velmer S. Burton Jr 《Victims & Offenders》2019,14(3):267-282
ABSTRACTRecently, “problem-solving” courts have been developed as an alternative to imprisonment. They are often called “specialty” courts because they process and divert into treatment programs offenders who are seen as different from the general criminal population, such as those with mental health or drug problems, those who are homeless or veterans, and those who engage in domestic violence. Based on a 2017 national survey of 1,000 respondents, the current study examines overall public support for rehabilitation as a goal of corrections and then focuses specifically on support for different types of specialty courts. The analysis reveals that the American public endorses not only the rehabilitative ideal but also the use of problem-solving courts. Further, with only minimal variation, strong support for these courts appears to exist regardless of political orientation and sociodemographic characteristics. 相似文献
3.
AbstractThis study applies moral foundations theory to capital juror decision making. We hypothesized that binding moral foundations would predict death qualification and punitive sentencing decisions, whereas individualizing moral foundations would be associated with juror disqualification and a leniency effect. Additionally, we considered whether moral foundations can explain differences in death penalty application between conservatives and liberals. Respondents from two independent samples participated in a mock-juror task in which the circumstances of a hypothetical defendant’s case varied. Results revealed moral foundations were strong predictors of death qualification. The binding and individualizing foundations were related to sentencing decisions in the expected ways. Supporting our contention that moral foundations operate differently across different types of cases, heterogeneity in the effects of moral foundations was observed. Finally, we found support for the hypothesis that the relationship between sentencing decisions and conservatism would be attenuated by moral foundations. 相似文献
4.
Numerous accounts reveal that congressional leaders often secure “hip‐pocket votes” or “if you need me” pledges from rank‐and‐file legislators. These are essentially options on votes. Leaders exercise sufficient options—pay legislators to convert to favorable votes—when those options will yield victory. Otherwise, they release the options. A model shows that this optimal strategy for leaders produces many small victories, few small losses, and losses that are, on average, larger than victories. We find precisely these patterns, hence strong evidence for vote options, in Congressional Quarterly key votes from 1975 through 2001 and in non‐key votes from the 106th Congress (1999–2000). 相似文献
5.
Ernst-Rainer Hönes 《Natur und Recht》2006,28(5):279-285
Die von Deutschland nach Art. 59 Abs. 2 GG ratifizierten europ?ischen und internationalen übereinkommen zum Denkmal- und Kulturgüterschutz
müssen in nationales Recht transformiert werden. W?hrend die L?nder im Rahmen ihrer Kompetenz (Art. 30, 70, 83 GG) Denkmalschutzgesetze
erlassen haben, hat der Bund in einschl?gigen Gesetzen wie dem Bundeswaldgesetz den Denkmalschutz bisher nicht berücksichtigt.
Dabei ist bei einem Waldanteil von 30% der Wald mit seinen historischen Kulturlandschaften und seinem Waldboden als Archiv
der Natur- und Kulturgeschichte von besonderer Bedeutung. Da Deutschland 60 Jahre nach Kriegsende endlich auch ausdrücklich
ein Kulturstaat werden soll, ist es an der Zeit, dass die Belange des Denkmalschutzes auch im Bundeswaldgesetz (z.B. §§ 1,
2, 9 oder 11 BWaldG) berücksichtigt werden. Einige Verpflichtungen zum Denkmal- und Kulturgüterschutz sind heute ohnehin bereits
V?lkergewohnheitsrecht (Art. 25 GG). 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
This study aimed to expand the scope of previous research by assessing the effectiveness of soot-removal techniques on glass from petrol-bomb debris using methods of 1% and 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions, ultrasonic bath and vacuum suction. Of particular interest were the 1% and 2% NaOH solutions applied to the soot-covered surfaces. Petrol bombs containing petrol or a 50:50 mix of petrol and motor oil were exploded and the debris was collected for analysis. Favourable results were found to varying degrees using each of the soot-removal methods with the 1% and 2% NaOH wash solutions, being the most useful. The 2% NaOH solution also proved successful as a soak to loosen and remove heavy contamination of soot and accelerants without damaging the finger mark beneath. This study also found that recovery of finger marks in blood from beneath soot using the 2% NaOH solution was possible. Finger marks were also applied to glass bottles with plastic adhesive labels, and providing the fire damage is not too great marks were also retrievable. Results from this study lead to the conclusion that the NaOH wash solution is ideally suited for soot removal to reveal latent and blood-contaminated marks both within the laboratory and at crime scenes. 相似文献
9.
A. J. Barnard 《Law and Critique》2006,17(2):153-170
The aim of this paper is to identify the possible substructure (looking glass/es) of a critical legal argument for contractual
justice (Wonderland) in the South African law of contract. South African contract law still fails, ten years after the constitutional
transformation, to reflect the constitutional ideals of freedom, equality and human dignity in an acceptable manner. I argue
that this disposition places a question mark over the legitimacy of contract law and marginalizes opportunities for the social
change envisaged by the Constitution. The paper explores Duncan Kennedy’s Form and Substance-argument and indicates that the
reluctance to accommodate these values may be attributable to the fact that the majority of role-players position themselves
on the individualism/rules side of Kennedy’s continuum – a paradigm that perceives the law of contract as a body of positivistic
rules to be applied neutrally and regardless of the social or socio-economic distortions its application may generate. In
an attempt to move away from this traditional approach, the privileged paradigm is criticised. A typical CLS-approach is followed
which employs sociology, psychological jurisprudence and game theory to criticise the law from outside the restrictive realms
of law itself. Simultaneously, I attempt to illuminate the argument for a shift (step through the looking glass) to another
paradigm. I conclude that our judiciary finds itself in a position similar to that of Plato’s prisoners in the cave and will
not reach the point where they apply relevant (constitutional) values directly to contractual disputes. The State is thus
responsible for infusing contract law with contractual justice, by implementing legislation to this effect in order to limit
the hegemonic consequences of the judiciary’s obsession with freedom of contract and utopian rules, which fail in reality
to further the ideal of justice.
Paper presented at the Critical Legal Conference, 4 September 2004, London, UK. This paper is dedicated to the memory of the
late Judge of Appeal, Mr. Justice P.J. Olivier. The paper is based on research conducted for the thesis in partial fulfilment
of the degree LLD in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria under the title ‘A critical legal argument for contractual
justice in the South African law of contract.’ The degree supervisor is Professor Karin van Marle in the Department of Legal
History, Comparative Law and Jurisprudence. The author wishes to thank the following persons for valuable deliberations and
input: Karin van Marle, Graham Bradfield and Anashri Pillay. In addition, the author wishes to acknowledge and thank the University
of Cape Town for financially supporting this research.
†Paper presented at the Critical Legal Conference, 4 September 2004, London, UK. This paper is dedicated to the memory of
the late Judge of Appeal, Mr. Justice
P.J. Olivier. The paper is based on research conducted for the thesis in partial
fulfilment of the degree LLD in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria
under the title ‘A critical legal argument for contractual justice in the South African
law of contract.’ The degree supervisor is Professor Karin van Marle in the
Department of Legal History, Comparative Law and Jurisprudence. The author
wishes to thank the following persons for valuable deliberations and input: Karin
van Marle, Graham Bradfield and Anashri Pillay. In addition, the author wishes to
acknowledge and thank the University of Cape Town for financially supporting this
research. apply relevant (constitutional) values directly to contractual disputes. The State is
thus responsible for infusing contract law with contractual justice, by implementing
legislation to this effect in order to limit the hegemonic consequences of the judiciary’s
obsession with freedom of contract and utopian rules, which fail in reality to
further the ideal of justice. 相似文献
10.