EU issue voting and the 2014 European Parliament elections: a dynamic perspective

EU issue voting in European Parliament elections has been shown to be highly conditional upon levels of EU politicization. The present study analyzes this conditionality over time, hypothesizing that the effect of EU attitudes on EP vote preferences is catalyzed as EP elections draw closer. In contrast to extant cross-sectional post-election studies, we use a four-wave panel study covering the six months leading up to the Dutch EP elections of 2014, differentiating between party groups (pro, anti, mixed) and five EU attitude dimensions. We find that EU issue voting occurs for both anti- and pro-EU parties, but only increases for the latter. For mixed parties we find no effect of EU attitudes, yet their support base shifts in the anti-EU direction as the elections draw closer. The overarching image, however, is one of surprising stability: EU attitudes form a consistent part of EP voting motivations even outside EP election times.     

血瘀型动脉硬化闭塞症血清代谢物和炎症反应相关因子的变化及意义

目的探讨血瘀型动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)血清中代谢物和炎症反应相关因子的变化及意义。方法血瘀型ASO患者15例,健康对照10例,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)双抗体夹心法检测血清中VEGF、TGF-β1和IL-1β水平,基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC/MS)的代谢组学方法分析血清中内源性代谢物的变化。结果与对照组比较,ASO组血清中血清中IL-1β的含量明显升高,差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01);VEGF、TGF-β1含量轻度升高,差异无显著性意义;ASO组血清中的糖类、氨基酸类、脂肪酸类物质的代谢水平均发生了明显的改变。结论炎症反应和血清内源性代谢物的变化与血瘀型ASO的发病密切相关。     

Trade or raid: Acadian settlers and native Americans before 1755

Public Choice - Could North America have been settled more peacefully, with fewer property rights violations against Native Americans? To answer this question, we utilize the case of French...     

Police Perceptions of Irrational Unstable Behaviours and Use of Force

Police identification of people experiencing mental illness is usually based on either the person having an official contact history with police or through observing behavioural indicators commonly associated with mental illness during an encounter. Police have voiced concerns with their ability to identify and respond to people experiencing mental illness in a timely way and report that they commonly resort to more coercive tactical options to resolve encounters. The present study employed a mixed method design to examine 286 police use of force incidents to investigate the association between force used on and by offenders displaying irrational-unstable behavioural characteristics. The irrational-unstable offenders were two times more likely to be perceived by police to have an apparent mental disorder and almost four times more likely to have a known mental health history; one in six had an official record of contact with mental health services. There were few differences in police and offender use of force, considering force as both a categorical and a continuous variable, while incident-level comparisons suggested that police force was generally proportional to offender resistance. Implications are discussed in terms of the need to redress limitations with the traditional police approach style.