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11.
Numerous accounts reveal that congressional leaders often secure “hip‐pocket votes” or “if you need me” pledges from rank‐and‐file legislators. These are essentially options on votes. Leaders exercise sufficient options—pay legislators to convert to favorable votes—when those options will yield victory. Otherwise, they release the options. A model shows that this optimal strategy for leaders produces many small victories, few small losses, and losses that are, on average, larger than victories. We find precisely these patterns, hence strong evidence for vote options, in Congressional Quarterly key votes from 1975 through 2001 and in non‐key votes from the 106th Congress (1999–2000). 相似文献
12.
M. Michelle Gallant 《Criminal Law Forum》2006,17(2):235-239
13.
程丽 《贵州警官职业学院学报》2003,15(5):48-51
侦查讯问具有结果价值和程序价值。这两种价值的不同追求决定着侦查讯问的诉讼结构,而且该结构一般与庭审方式保持了相同的理念运作。然而从我国1996年刑诉改革以来,对抗制特色庭审方式与强职权侦查讯问方式存在着不可调和的价值冲突,以至司法实践中两种制度难以对接运作,问题颇多。 相似文献
14.
李新挪 《中共郑州市委党校学报》2003,(3):22-23
当前我省思想政治工作还存在诸多不足和不少急待解决的问题,主要是思想政治工作缺乏针对性和实效性。造成这些问题的原因主要是一些领导认识不够,思想政治工作队伍素质低。加强我省思想政治工作必须以“三个代表”重要思想为指导解决认识问题,切实加强制度建设,提高队伍素质。 相似文献
15.
拥有人才优势,才能拥有竞争优势,这是一个不争的事实。作为人才流失最严重的企业类型之一——国有企业人才流失给企业带来的损失是巨大的,并导致商业泄密现象和劳动争议增多,影响到了企业生产经营上的连续性和稳定性,制约了国有企业的发展和人才整体素质的提高。对国有企业人才流失的成因进行分析,探讨国企吸纳和稳定人才的方法,寻找提高国有企业人力资源利用率的对策,正在成为相关主管部门和广大国有企业关注的焦点问题。 相似文献
16.
This article examines the effects of negotiation practices, such as coercion and contract formality, on how suppliers and customers perceived the resulting business relationship. We conducted a purchasing negotiation simulation with students in a classroom setting in which participants competed for resources in a mock supply-chain context. The participants were surveyed at key stages of the ongoing negotiation in order to measure their behaviors as a customer–supplier relationship developed. The data were used to test several hypotheses developed from the marketing and purchasing literature. The hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Results demonstrated that the use of coercive techniques by negotiators during negotiation had a negative effect on satisfaction. In addition, the findings showed that, as expected, negotiators entering a negotiation with a cooperative orientation would tend to avoid the use of coercive practices during negotiation. The cooperative orientation also exhibited an unexpected positive effect on the formalization of the design of the contract between the parties. This study contributes to the current knowledge base focusing on the creation of agreements between companies and will, we hope, encourage the integration of suppliers and customers in an operating context within a supply-chain setting. 相似文献
Results demonstrated that the use of coercive techniques by negotiators during negotiation had a negative effect on satisfaction. In addition, the findings showed that, as expected, negotiators entering a negotiation with a cooperative orientation would tend to avoid the use of coercive practices during negotiation. The cooperative orientation also exhibited an unexpected positive effect on the formalization of the design of the contract between the parties. This study contributes to the current knowledge base focusing on the creation of agreements between companies and will, we hope, encourage the integration of suppliers and customers in an operating context within a supply-chain setting. 相似文献
17.
Stephen M. Bauer 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2003,28(3-4):285-303
Technology transfer has generally had little impact on the assistive technology industries serving small, highly fragmented “disability markets.” Persons with disabilities often require specialized, relatively sophisticated technology. Third-party payer reimbursement rates and the low levels of disposable income among disability populations often cap product pricing. Transferring technology to these industry segments therefore poses special challenges. In October 1998, the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Technology Transfer initiated the “Demand-Pull Project on Wheeled Mobility.” Successful transfers resulting from this project demonstrate that a systematic technology transfer process can be successfully applied to industries serving specialized and underserved niche markets. 相似文献
18.
VGH München 《Natur und Recht》2006,28(6):382-383
Keine Zusammenfassung 相似文献
19.
VG München 《Natur und Recht》2006,28(8):528-530
Keine Zusammenfassung 相似文献
20.
在英国伦敦,到处都有其厚重的文化积淀,无论是纵横交错、曲径通幽的古街老巷,还是雄伟华美的教堂,都毫无例外地折射出伦敦古而悠久的文化底蕴. 相似文献