Environmental dispute resolution and hazardous waste cleanups: A cautionary tale of policy implementation

New York State experimented with replacing their litigation-oriented system for achieving toxic dump site cleanup with one promising to lower transaction costs through alternative dispute resolution. Our analysis of outcomes is informed by three generations of implementation work focusing on (1) the motivations and incentives shaping individual behavior, (2) the larger organizational and political factors associated with variation across cases, and (3) the generic properties of policy implements. This mosaic approach to explanation produces, we believe, a more lifelike picture of use to policy makers for understanding the dynamic and interrelated nature of their choices.     

The impact of a gasoline tax on auto exhaust emissions

The EPA implements its policy of exhaust emission control by setting standards specified in terms of grams of pollutants per mile traveled. As a result, the tax must first restrain the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) if it is to have an impact on emission at all. EPA's choice of miles traveled as the medium through which its policy of pollution control must run is unfortunate, because travel is an activity that people resist giving up. This is reflected in a low long-run price elasticity of travel demand. Consequently, it takes substantial increases in the gasoline tax to make an impact on long-run travel demand. Simulation results show that under an alternative policy option, where EPA's standards are specified in terms of grams of pollutant per gallon of fuel burned, the same long-run reduction in exhaust emissions achievable today can be achieved (at an even higher level of confidence) with less than one-tenth of the increase in gasoline price required under the existing policy regime.     

论刑法各论中的指使

指使部属违反职责罪、妨害作证罪、虐待被监管人罪以及破坏监管秩序罪,都使用了“指使”的概念,对此有三种解释语境,即完全承担共犯的责任、完全不承担刑事责任、部分承担刑事责任。只有综合考虑指使人和被指使人之间的关系、指使的强度、被指使人进行的活动,并且结合立法的意图,才能合理地分配指使人和被指使人的刑事责任。部分承担刑事责任的主张是正确的,指使表现为命令、胁迫和起主要作用的教唆。     

越南的能源与中越能源合作

中越关系正常化以来,随着中越关系的不断发展,双方经济合作不断加强,尤其是在能源领域的合作。本文试图介绍越南主要能源状况,分析中越能源合作的现状、动因及前景,以就教于诸方家。一、越南的能源资源越南资源丰富,越南人习惯将其国土和海域称为“金山银海”,以赞美其资源之丰富;而其能源资源确实丰富多样,有的种类储量巨大①。尤其盛产石油、煤炭等当今世界最为关键的能源,并成为越南出口创汇大户。(一)石油和天然气②越南初步探明的石油天然气储量共10亿立方米石油,估计其总储量可能达35亿～50亿立方米石油。在东南亚各国中,越南的石油储…     

当代恐怖主义的宗教根源

上世纪70年代以来,随着意识形态影响的衰落,宗教原教旨主义(极端主义)在世界恐怖主义的影响越来越大.在过去几年中,宗教型恐怖事件造成的人员死亡数甚至超过50%.从宗教型恐怖主义的发展趋势来看,其将继续是世界恐怖主义的主要根源,并有不断恶化的趋势.     

对我国外向发展战略的分析与反思

实行外向发展战略可以加速经济发展。我国依靠外向发展战略,大力引进外资,推动出口,实现了经济腾飞。目前,我国面临许多严峻挑战,必须进行结构性和战略性调整。     

"9·11"后美国与欧盟的非洲政策比较

“9·11”之后,美国与欧盟对非洲有着基本共识,即非洲的失败国家将是美欧利益的重大潜在威胁,对此必须采取积极措施。基于这一共识,美国和欧盟都强化了在非洲的军事存在及对非援助。但美国和欧盟的非洲政策仍有着重大差异。美国的非洲政策直接服务于其全球反恐战略及维持和扩大美国在非的石油利益;欧盟则更强调对非洲问题的长期性解决办法。这体现了美欧在世界观和对国际关系认知等方面的根本差异。深刻了解美国与欧盟的非洲政策之异同,对于中国制定非洲政策及发展中非关系具有一定的启示。     

工伤保险赔偿请求权与普通人身损害赔偿请求权的关系

关于工伤保险赔偿请求权与普通人身损害赔偿请求权之相互关系,存在四种模式。以替代模式为原则并辅之以改良的选择模式是我国相关制度建设的正确思路,也是已有的法律规定和司法解释所隐含的主张。这样的制度安排既符合衡平保护的原则和效率原则,同时也在实质上有利于受害的劳动者。适用替代模式与改良的选择模式的关键,是提高工伤保险给付水平,使其与普通人身损害赔偿的赔偿水平相当。     

Newspaper juries

This article reports on a field experiment on the effect of media information on people’s attitudes towards the justice system. For the duration of a year a Dutch local newspaper took small groups of readers, called ‘newspaper jurors’, to court sessions of criminal cases and subsequently reported on their experiences and perceptions. Using a quasi-experimental design, we examined whether an attitude change in the general reader population of this particular local newspaper occurred as a result of the jury’s newspaper reports. Findings show that, after the treatment interval of 1 year, no attitude change in the general reader population could be identified that was absent in the control group.