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21.
22.
Jacqueline Ellis 《Feminist Review(on-Line)》1996,53(1):74-94
This article had several purposes. First, I wanted to highlight the work of Esther Bubley, an American photographer whose documentary work for the Farm Security Administration and the Office of War Information in the early 1940s is largely unknown. Second, I wanted to show how her images complicated and undermined the traditional themes of Depression era photography in the United States. Third, by looking at her images of women, my intention was to reveal how she worked against depictions of femininity during the Depression, and in confrontation with one-dimensional portrayals of women as America entered the Second World War. In conclusion, I contend that Bubley's images were fundamentally portrayals of working-class femininity represented as being an individual - rather than a symbolic - experience. Most specifically in the images I have examined, Bubley deconstructs an ideological image of female working-class identity which was central to documentary photography in 1930s America. For example, unlike in photographs by Dorothea Lange, Bubley did not portray working-class women as metaphoric sites of passive endurance which would eventually lead to the rejuvenation of American nationalism. Rather, she showed working-class women to be potentially subversive in the ways they defined themselves against the legacy of 1930s photography and in opposition to the ideological impositions of wartime propaganda. As a result, Bubley's images of working-class women waiting in bars for lonely soldiers, or looking for a future beyond the confines of their boarding house existences while remaining outside the middle-class boundaries defined by capitalist consumerism, set out a pictorial foundation for working-class female identity which exists beyond the context in which the photographs were taken. Consequently, Bubley's work highlights individual self-identity, personal empowerment and self-conscious desire in working-class women which was - and still is - confined and repressed by economic disadvantage and systematic marginalization from an American society defined from a middle-class point of view. 相似文献
23.
Jacqueline R. Kasun 《Society》1988,25(5):4-7
She is author of Change and Choice: An Overview of Economicsand The War against Population: The Economics and Ideology of World Population Control. 相似文献
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Lindsay WR Smith AH Law J Quinn K Anderson A Smith A Allan R 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2004,19(8):875-890
This article reports an evaluation of a community intellectual disability offender service over the period from 1990 to 2001. Men who committed sex offenses or sexually abusive incidents (n = 106) and men who committed other types of offenses and serious incidents (n = 78) are compared on personal characteristics, referral sources, forensic details, and outcome up to 7 years after referral. The cohorts are older than one would expect from the criminology literature, and, at about 33%, the incidence of mental illness is consistent with some previous studies. A greater proportion of sex offenders had criminal justice involvement and a formal disposal from court. Fire raising was not overly represented as an offense. There was a higher rate of reoffending in the nonsexual cohort, which persisted up to 7 years. Investigating only reoffenders, there was a considerable amount of harm reduction recorded up to 7 years, statistically significant up to 5 years following initial referral. 相似文献
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Research into community corrections officers’ perceptions of the needs of ex-offenders has largely been overlooked. While
some empirical research has emerged regarding federal parole officers’ perceptions, it is conceptually incomplete. A gap in
the literature remains regarding the concordance or discordance between offenders and community corrections officers’ perceptions
of offender needs and the opportunities for success upon release. Using a sample of community corrections officers in Seattle,
Washington, this research examined officer perception of ex-offender needs, the value officers’ placed on the specific needs,
and the opportunities available for offenders to meet their needs. Differences between officers emerged including the finding
that female officers rated needs and challenges for offenders significantly different than male officers. Policy implications
of the research are discussed.
This research was made possible due to a grant award from the College of Arts and Sciences at Seattle University. This research
was first presented at the 2005 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Conference in Chicago. We are grateful to Mac Pevey and
Keven Bovenkamp from the Washington State Department of Corrections and Bill Corn and Tim McTighe from United States Probation
and Pretrial Services for their support, assistance, and for making the study possible. A special thanks to our research assistant
Tania Reyes who was instrumental in collecting the data for this investigation. 相似文献
28.
J.E. Allard A. Baird G. Davidson S. Jones J. Lewis L. McKenna C. Weston D. Scrimger G. Teppett 《Science & justice》2007,47(4):160-167
The recent formation of a United Kingdom and Irish working group, the Body Fluids Forum (BFF), highlighted the need to investigate different working practices prior to any inter-laboratory comparison work and identification of best practice. Various dilutions of semen were seeded onto swabs and cloth samples for each BFF member laboratory to test using their standard techniques. The results showed that the detection of acid phosphatase on swabs is best achieved using direct testing rather than on an extract from the swab. Extraction methods for spermatozoa require a balance to be achieved between using a sufficient volume of water to ensure optimal release and minimal volume to ensure a concentrated extract. PSA tests were investigated and found to be more sensitive than Choline. DNA profiles were obtained from samples in which no spermatozoa had been detected during microscopic examination. 相似文献
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Alastair Davidson 《The Journal of peasant studies》2013,40(4):139-154
Antonio Gramsci adopted a developmentalist position after becoming a marxist. He thus departed from earlier Italian positions in foreseeing a society in which peasants — understood as a structure of petty property and its dependants ‐ would eventually though not immediately be peasants no more after the introduction of modern methods of cultivation. After the success of fascism in 1922 he began to reconsider his assumption that the peasantry were destined to disappear in a new mode of production, which would replace the backward dual economy of Italy. If the peasantry were not always in secular decline before the onward march of capitalism, but could, as in Italy, increase in numbers and political strength even under capitalism, then this called for a reassessment of their social and political role in a marxism which was not simply developmental in the old sense. In the 1930s in particular, Gramsci therefore started to develop strategies for change which assumed that: (1) the peasantry would remain in the foreseeable future as a significant political force; (2) their ethos and values would therefore have to be incorporated in any marxist theory of transition and socialism, and (3) developmentalism or modernisation would have to be re‐examined as a core part of marxist strategy. 相似文献