Development and Validation of a Method Using Dried Oral Fluid Spot to Determine Drugs of Abuse

A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method using dried oral fluid spots was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, amphetamine, and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The oral fluid was applied to a Whatman 903 grade paper and submitted to a drying time of 2.5 h. The extraction procedure was optimized by chemometric approach using simplex centroid design. Spots were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile, buffer, and methanol. Calibration curves covered a linear concentration range of 40–500 ng/mL. Validation parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, carryover, matrix effects, and stability were evaluated and showed satisfactory results. Spot homogeneity was also satisfactory, with less than 15% of deviation from nominal concentration. Spot volume did not influence accuracy when less than 100 μL of the sample was applied to the spot. The validation of the proposed method suggests a potential application in different scenarios in toxicology.     

Reaching suicidal people with media campaigns: new challenges for a new century

Five variables were investigated in the evaluation of Suicide Prevention Weeks (SPW) held in 1999, 2000, and 2001 in Québec, Canada: exposure to the campaign, previous suicide ideation, knowledge, attitudes, and intentions. After the year 2000 campaign, a telephone survey conducted on a representative sample of 1020 men revealed that only those actually exposed to the SPW had gained more knowledge of suicide facts and resources. However, the SPW did not influence attitudes or intentions to seek help. Results are not surprising, considering the low intensity of the campaign, especially in the media. Campaigns aimed at changing suicidal behaviors must be intensive.     

Personality and repeated suicide attempts in dependent adolescents and young adults

This study compared personality characteristics of subjects with dependence disorders who had previously made a suicide attempt. The population, recruited in France, Belgium, and Switzerland, was composed of 570 subjects (225 females, 345 males, mean age = 27.3, SD = 8.5). The subjects' psychological dimensions were investigated by means of several self-report questionnaires including: BDI-13 (Beck), Sensation-Seeking Scale (Zuckerman), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Taylor), Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (Hirschfeld), MMPI-2, and some additional scales. For most dimensions, repeat attempters, both past and recent, but more specifically the recent repeaters, had a more severe psychological profile compared to the other suicide attempters.     

The determination of sequence of crossing strokes by the “Kromekote” paper lifting process and by the scanning electron microscopic method

The authors present the results obtained while applying the “Kromekote paper” lifting process first proposed by Igoe and Reynolds in 1979 [1] and later in a modified form in 1980 and 1982 by Godown [2]. They also present the results of their research to determine the writing order of crossing strokes using the Scanning Electron Microscopic technique, research that was restarted after the publication of an article by Waeschle [3].     

First Movers,Democratization and Unilateral Concessions: Overcoming Commitment Problems and Negotiating a “Nationwide Cease-Fire” in Myanmar

ABSTRACT

The article argues that “first movers” and the bandwagoning effect they trigger can undermine the dynamics that perpetuate civil war and enable a multiparty cease-fire agreement. It looks at the unprecedented “nationwide” cease-fire in Myanmar reached between the government and several ethnic armed organizations in 2015. It shows that democratization and unilateral concessions by the Myanmar government were instrumental in overcoming the commitment problem and provided the necessary incentives for “first movers” to set the stage for a broad cease-fire agreement.     

The European Elections Study 1994

European Journal of Political Research -     

La gestion ministérielle et les organismes centraux†

Sommaire. Les relations que doivent établir les gestionnaires des ministères avec les organismes centraux constituent une des composantes importantes de l'administration quotidienne dans le secteur public. Il est certain que ces relations exercent une influence significative sur l'efficacité de la gestion ministérielle. Le ministère des Affaires sociales a étéà l'origine, au cours des dernières années, de plusieurs changements profonds dans certains secteurs de la politique sociale. Il a étéà même de constater è quel point ces relations peuvent conditionner l'efficacité des ministères. L'objet du présent article est précisément de dégager un certain nombre de considérations sur les relations qui s'établissent entre, d'une part, les ministères à vocation de services et les organismes centraux tels la Commission de la fonction publique et le Conseil du trésor, et d'autre part, entre ces mêmes ministères et des ministères qui exercent un rôle de soutien tels les ministères des Trauvaux publics et de l'Approvisionnement, de la Fonction publique, des Communications, et de la Justice. Abstract. The relations that administrators of government departments are required to establish with the central government agencies constitute an important component of day-to-day administrative activities in the public sector. These relations are bound to have an effect on the efficiency of government administration. In recent years the Social Affairs Department has been instrumental in bringing about some far-reaching changes in certain areas of social policy. It has had occasion to determine to what extent these relations affect the efficiency of government departments. The following article offers a number of observations on the relations, on the one hand, between government departments providing direct services to the public and central government agencies, such as the Civil Service Commission and the Treasury Board, and, on the other, between those departments and government departments of a supportive nature, i.e. the Public Works and Supplies Department, the Civil Service Department, the Communications Department and the Justice Department.