Danielle Flores M.S.  Amy L. Miller M.S.  Angelique Showman M.S.  Caitlyn Tobita  Lori M. N. Shimoda B.S.  Carl Sung B.S.  Alexander J. Stokes Ph.D.  Jeffrey K. Tomberlin Ph.D.  David O. Carter Ph.D.  Helen Turner Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(6):1578-1587

Entomological protocols for aging blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae to estimate the time of colonization (TOC) are commonly used to assist in death investigations. While the methodologies for analyzing fly larvae differ, most rely on light microscopy, genetic analysis, or, more rarely, electron microscopy. This pilot study sought to improve resolution of larval stage in the forensically important blowfly Chrysomya rufifacies using high‐content fluorescence microscopy and biochemical measures of developmental marker proteins. We established fixation and mounting protocols, defined a set of measurable morphometric criteria and captured developmental transitions of 2nd instar to 3rd instar using both fluorescence microscopy and anti‐ecdysone receptor Western blot analysis. The data show that these instars can be distinguished on the basis of robust, nonbleaching, autofluorescence of larval posterior spiracles. High‐content imaging techniques using confocal microscopy, combined with morphometric and biochemical techniques, may therefore aid forensic entomologists in estimating TOC.  相似文献   

    

Jian Zhao B.D.  Yuzhong Wang M.D.  Chao Liu Ph.D.  Sunlin Hu Ph.D.  He Shi B.D.  Jinfeng Wen B.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(6):1643-1646

Diagnosis of drowning remains a difficult issue in current forensic sciences. A large number of diatoms were lost by removing the supernatant after centrifugation in the conventional forensic diatom test. We developed a novel membrane filtration method to enrich diatoms from samples. A new solution using different ratios of acetic acid and eugenol is prepared to make the membrane transparent. These processes allow the diatom‐containing membrane to be visualized and identified easily by light microscopy. The tissues contaminated by water rich in diatoms were detected by the new method for the recovery of diatoms. Eleven drowning cases were analyzed by both the new method and the conventional method to compare the sensitivity of both methods. The recovery of the novel diatom test method was 54.2 ± 23.1%. The positive rate of the novel method has been proven to be superior to the conventional method in the diagnosis of drowning.  相似文献   

    

Chloé Bérut 《West European politics》2021,44(1):155-175

Abstract

Does European soft law matter? In order to answer this question, the article investigates the processes through which the European Union (EU) affects domestic politics and policies in the eHealth sector in France, Austria and Ireland. More precisely, it shows how the hardening of EU soft law creates a new rationale for the use of European instruments by domestic actors, thus expanding their strategic opportunities for policy making at the national level. Despite the empirical diversity of the cases, similar patterns of variation in Europeanisation mechanisms emerge over time, and the data show how the varying structure of European soft instruments (i.e. their degrees of ‘hardness’) accounts for these changes. This comparative analysis includes multiple process-tracing cases of eHealth public policy making in France, Austria and Ireland in which Europeanisation processes are at work.  相似文献   

    

Aaron M. Houck  Aaron S. King  J. Benjamin Taylor 《Politics & Policy》2021,49(1):87-125

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Charlotte A. Bücken;Ivan Mangiulli;Brenda Erens;Corine de Ruiter;Henry Otgaar; 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2024,29(2):166-180

In the current study, we investigated whether denial and avoidance rates differed statistically significantly based on the interview protocol used.  相似文献   

    

Yi‐Hong Liao BS  Jae‐Sang Hyun PhD  Michael Feller MS  Tyler Bell PhD  Ian Bortins BS  James Wolfe MS  David Baldwin PhD  Song Zhang PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2021,66(1):112-128

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.  相似文献   

    

Craig Bennell  Geoffrey Alpert  Judith P. Andersen  Joseph Arpaia  Juha-Matti Huhta  Kimberly B. Kahn  Ariane-Jade Khanizadeh  Molly McCarthy  Kyle McLean  Renée J. Mitchell  Arne Nieuwenhuys  Adam Palmer  Michael D. White 《Legal and Criminological Psychology》2021,26(2):121-144

Leading police scholars and practitioners were asked to reflect on the most urgent issues that need to be addressed on the topic of use of force. Four themes emerged from their contributions: use of force and de-escalation training needs to improve and be evaluated; new ways of conceptualizing use of force encounters and better use of force response models need to be developed; the inequitable application of force, and how to remediate biases, needs to be more fully understood; and misconceptions about police use of force need to be identified and corrected. The highlighted topics serve as an agenda for future research. Such research should provide greater insight into when, where, and why force is used by police officers, and how it can be applied appropriately. If implemented, the practical recommendations included in the contributions should have a positive impact on police performance, public trust and confidence in the police, and citizen and officer safety.  相似文献   

    

Susan L. Crockin  Amy B. Altman  Meagan A. Edmonds 《Family Court Review》2021,59(1):22-45

The Assisted Reproductive Technologies (“ART”) have resulted in over eight million births to date, heralding remarkable advances in reproductive medicine with a transformational impact on both medicine and law. The effects have been acutely felt on the modern family, as well as on a myriad of areas of legal practice—including Family Law, Estate Planning, Contract, Health, Constitutional, Criminal, Discrimination, Tort Law and, for international arrangements, Immigration and Citizenship laws. This article examines the historical context, present impact, and future trends of ART and the Law. Its purpose is to help better understand these unique developments in order to help law and policy makers harness and craft the policies and frameworks that will be needed to monitor, shape and guide these remarkable possibilities for participants, professionals, law and society.  相似文献   

    

Sarah B. Riley  Kelsie Garbutt  Chelsea Crow  T. Scott Isbell  Anthony J. Scalzo 《法庭科学研究（英文）》2021,6(3):218-223

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Daniel P. Mears  Joshua J. Kuch  Andrea M. Lindsey  Sonja E. Siennick  George B. Pesta  Mark A. Greenwald  Thomas G. Blomberg 《犯罪学与公共政策》2016,15(3):953-981

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