Gruppe und Netzwerk — eine begriffsgeschichtliche Rekonstruktion

The essay develops three central arguments. Firstly, while being one of the core concepts of sociology in the early 20^th century, the group concept loses its central position between 1960 and 1970. As a conceptual tool for the understanding of configurations of social relationships, it is increasingly replaced by the network concept. Secondly, the group concept implies bounded social entities. The network concept, in contrast, stresses the unbounded interweaving of social ties and contexts. This allows for a better understanding of the complex social patterns of modernity. Thirdly, groups are special cases of ?involuted“ network structure. Here, a symbolically constructed social boundary becomes the central focus for transaction processes. This also makes for an increased alignment of social relationships within the group. These three arguments are grounded in a historical perspective on the conceptual careers of ?groups“ and ?networks“ in various sociological schools. The essay stresses the dynamics and inner logics of social relationships and resulting configurations (groups being one example) on the meso-level.     

论舆论监督的有效途径

在现代民主法治国家,舆论监督在社会生活中扮演着非常重要的角色。在我国,舆论监督越来越 受到公众的关注,并在推进改革、防止腐败和保护公民权等方面发挥着重要的作用。加强新闻立 法工作,推动舆论监督法治化;完善舆论监督外部环境的制度建设;建立监督主体的自律机制,是 完善这一制度的有效途径。