Routine crime in exceptional times: The impact of the 2002 Winter Olympics on citizen demand for police services

Despite their rich theoretical and practical importance, criminologists have paid scant attention to the patterns of crime and the responses to crime during exceptional events. Throughout the world large-scale political, social, economic, cultural, and sporting events have become commonplace. Natural disasters such as blackouts, hurricanes, tornadoes, and tsunamis present similar opportunities. Such events often tax the capacities of jurisdictions to provide safety and security in response to the exceptional event, as well as to meet the “routine” public safety needs. This article examines “routine” crime as measured by calls for police service, official crime reports, and police arrests in Salt Lake City before, during, and after the 2002 Olympic Games. The analyses suggest that while a rather benign demographic among attendees and the presence of large numbers of social control agents might have been expected to decrease calls for police service for minor crime, it actually increased in Salt Lake during this period. The implications of these findings are considered for theories of routine activities, as well as systems capacity.     

Reducing lockup crowding with expedited initial processing of minor offenders

This article assesses the effects of one jurisdiction's attempt to control its lockup population through creation of a separate processing center designed to expedite initial processing of individuals charged with misdemeanors and minor felonies. In the new center, cases were screened and initial hearings held around-the-clock, seven days per week. “Before” and “after” samples of arrestees are compared on prosecutorial screening time, time to court, and time in custody. The results show significant reductions in case screening and length of time to initial court hearing. Individuals released on recognizance and those with no charges filed spent significantly less time in custody and saved considerable bed space for the jurisdiction. Individuals with bond set experienced no reductions in length of custody. Collateral consequences of the new facility included improved procedural justice, expanded detention capacity in the county, and an end to part of the federal litigation.     

Politics, culture, and political crime: Covariates of abortion clinic attacks in the United States

This study examined crime and violence against abortion clinics, testing elements of several theories that may help explain the variation of such attacks. The study theoretically and methodologically improved upon the prior research on abortion-related crime and violence. Theoretically, it investigated previously unexamined hypotheses from the social movement literature that may be relevant to this type of behavior. Methodologically, it used more careful measures for several variables, employed unique and heretofore ignored data bases, and examined hundreds of criminal acts across several types of crime (e.g., violence, vandalism, and harassment) directed at abortion clinics. Employing robust logistic regression and correcting for clustering of clinics by state, the study investigated the cross-sectional effects of state-level cultural and structural characteristics on anti-abortion crimes against clinics and staff. Results indicated that some crimes against clinics are more likely in areas where female empowerment is weaker, female victimization is more tolerated, and the anti-abortion movement has failed to reduce abortions.     

论领导注意力

领导注意力事关全局,举足轻重。尤其要做到以下四个方面:(1)守正出奇;(2)抓而不紧不如不抓;(3)谋划全局;(4)聚焦非平衡态管理。     

小鼠骨骼肌细胞核DNA降解与死亡时间的关系

目的　监测小鼠死后骨骼肌核内DNA降解的情况 ,探讨死后细胞核DNA降解的一般规律。方法　建立小鼠死亡模型 ,在死后 72h内 ,以 12h的间隔取骨骼肌样本进行单细胞凝胶电泳 ,在荧光显微镜下测量彗星图像 ,并作统计学分析。结果　机体死后 ,骨骼肌细胞在电泳图像上出现了明显的彗星形拖尾 ,L/W比值随死亡时间而逐渐增大 ,二者呈一定的线性关系。结论　单细胞凝胶电泳技术可以应用于早期死亡时间推断。     

回归“哲人之邦”套话——近30年来俄罗斯作家对中国传统文化的利用与想像

上世纪80年代以来俄罗斯文学进行着新文学的建构,中国传统文化对俄罗斯文学的影响有迹可寻,但中俄学者对此都未曾留意。部分俄罗斯作家或直接塑造,或偶尔提及中国文化英雄,如在《秉烛夜游客》和《回归太白》中对李白形象的塑造,以及俄罗斯作家对庄子和老子的曲解。另一些俄罗斯作家将大量的中国传统文化元素与俄罗斯文化相拼贴,如"欧亚交响曲"系列小说、《2008》和《阿狐狸》。俄罗斯当代作家通过利用中国传统文化来构建中国形象,从而回归了俄罗斯18世纪末"中国是‘哲人之邦’"的套话。这既具有当下的针对性,又折射出"新欧亚主义"的观念,俄罗斯作家对中国传统文化的书写有自己的问题意识和出发点,但他们在俄罗斯传播中国传统文化的作用不应低估。     

Differentiating among racial/ethnic groups and its implications for understanding juvenile justice decision making

Both theory and research have been refined to gain a better understanding of when race and ethnicity matter in justice proceedings. In the present research, this line of inquiry was continued by differentiating among minority youth to assess the extent being African American, Native American, and Asian American influenced juvenile justice decision making and how these effects compared to one another and Whites. Utilizing an interpretation of the symbolic threat thesis that emphasizes stereotyping, the authors anticipated Native Americans to be responded to more severely than African Americans, followed by Asian Americans who were anticipated to be responded to more like Whites. The results indicated partial support for these expectations.